Tkinter (02) 按钮部件 Button

按钮部件的创建及其选项

import tkinter as tk
w = tk.Button(parent, option=value, ...)

按钮部件的方法

一般的使用方式

1. 导入 tkinter
2. 定义 Button 的回调函数
3. 建立主要视窗, 以作为其他部件的容器
4. 建立部件, 如 Button
5. 加入部件到布局中
6. 开始主要视窗的 mainloop()

范例视窗及代码

在这里你可以看到所有选项的效果

注: image 因为另外需要图片文件, 其选项类似bitmap, 在此略过; 另外highlightbackground 选项因为在WIN10 下有点问题, 所以看不出其效果; 还有一些与鼠标动作有关, 所以图片上看不出, 要执行代码, 使用鼠标才能看到结果.

import tkinter as tk

def say_hello():
    global count
    print(f'#{count} Hello !')
    count += 1

def string(option):

    return f'{list(option.keys())[0]}\n= {list(option.values())[0]}'

def cell(option):

    global row, col

    frame   = tk.Frame(root, bd=5, relief='ridge', padx=5, pady=5, width=175, height=100)
    frame.grid_propagate(0)

    button  = tk.Button(frame, **default)
    button.configure(**option)
    button.grid(row=0, sticky='w')

    label   = tk.Label(frame, text=string(option), font=font1, justify='left')
    label.grid(row=1, sticky='w')

    frame.grid(row=row, column=col)

    col = (col+1) % 8
    if col == 0:
        row += 1

def layout(option_1, option_2):

    cell(option_1)
    cell(option_2)

row = 0
col = 0
count = 0

font1   = ('Courier', 8)
font2   = ('Courier', 6)
default = {'text':'Button', 'font':font1, 'width':10, 'height':2}

root = tk.Tk()

text_variable = tk.StringVar()
text_variable.set("nottuB")

settings = [
    [{'activebackground':'blue'},       {'activebackground':'green'}],
    [{'activeforeground':'blue'},       {'activeforeground':'green'}],
    [{'anchor':'center'},               {'anchor':'se'}],
    [{'background':'green'},            {'background':'gray'}],
    [{'bitmap':''},                     {'bitmap':'hourglass', 'compound':'top',
                                         'width':100, 'height':40}],
    [{'borderwidth':'5', 'height':'1'}, {'borderwidth':'8', 'height':1}],
    [{'command':''},                    {'command':say_hello}],
    [{'compound':'top',    'bitmap':'hourglass', 'width':100, 'height':40},
     {'compound':'bottom', 'bitmap':'hourglass', 'width':100, 'height':40}],
    [{'cursor':''},                     {'cursor':'pirate'}],
    [{'default':'disabled'},            {'default':'active'}],
    [{'disabledforeground':'gray',   'state':'disabled'},
     {'disabledforeground':'yellow', 'state':'disabled'}],
    [{'font':font2},                    {'font':font1}],
    [{'foreground':'black'},            {'foreground':'blue'}],
    [{'height':1},                      {'height':2}],
    [{'highlightbackground':'green', 'highlightthickness':'5', 'default':'disabled', 'state':'normal'},
     {'highlightbackground':'blue',  'highlightthickness':'5', 'default':'disabled', 'state':'normal'}],
    [{'highlightcolor':'green', 'highlightthickness':'5', 'default':'active'},
     {'highlightcolor':'blue', 'highlightthickness':'5', 'default':'active'}],
    [{'highlightthickness':'1'},        {'highlightthickness':'5'}],
    [{'image':''},                      {'image':''}],
    [{'justify':'center', 'text':'Long line\nline'},
     {'justify':'right', 'text':'Long line\nline'}],
    [{'overrelief':'groove', 'bd':5},   {'overrelief':'ridge', 'bd':5}],
    [{'padx':'0'},                      {'padx':'10'}],
    [{'pady':'0'},                      {'pady':'4'}],
    [{'relief':'raised'},               {'relief':'ridge'}],
    [{'repeatdelay':200,    'repeatinterval':200, 'command':say_hello},
     {'repeatdelay':1000,   'repeatinterval':200, 'command':say_hello}],
    [{'repeatinterval':200, 'repeatdelay':200,    'command':say_hello},
     {'repeatinterval':1000,'repeatdelay':200,     'command':say_hello}],
    [{'state':'normal'},                {'state':'disabled'}],
    [{'takefocus':False},               {'takefocus':True}],
    [{'text':'Button 1'},               {'text':'1 Button'}],
    [{'textvariable':''},               {'textvariable':text_variable}],
    [{'underline':-1},                  {'underline':5}],
    [{'width':0},                       {'width':15}],
    [{'wraplength':'0'},                {'wraplength':'30'}],
]

for option1, option2 in settings:
    layout(option1, option2)

root.mainloop()

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