仅需要字段名或字段类型

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
$colunmList = Schema::getColumnListing('tb_users');
$colunmType = Schema::getColumnType('tb_users','name');

表所有信息

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
$tableInfo = DB::connection($this->modelClass->getConnectionName())
            ->getDoctrineSchemaManager()->listTableDetails('af_roles');
$columnList = $tableInfo->getColumns();
foreach($columnList as $col){
    info($col->getName());
    info($col->getType());
}