关于Go的泛型浅理解
- **Go 1.18 或更高版本的安装。
- 类型形参 (Type parameter)
- 类型实参(Type argument)
- 类型形参列表( Type parameter list)
- 类型约束(Type constraint)
- 实例化(Instantiations)
- 泛型类型(Generic type)
- 泛型接收器(Generic receiver)
- 泛型函数(Generic function)
理解泛型:
三大要素:Type Parameters、Type Sets和Type Inference,**即:类型参数、类型集合和类型推断。**
泛型并不取代Go1.18之前用接口+反射实现的动态类型
package main
import "fmt"
type Number interface {
int64 | float64
}
func main() {
// Initialize a map for the integer values
ints := map[string]int64{
"first": 34,
"second": 12,
}
// Initialize a map for the float values
floats := map[string]float64{
"first": 35.98,
"second": 26.99,
}
fmt.Printf("Non-Generic Sums: %v and %v\n",
SumInts(ints),
SumFloats(floats))
fmt.Printf("Generic Sums: %v and %v\n",
SumIntsOrFloats[string, int64](ints),
SumIntsOrFloats[string, float64](floats))
fmt.Printf("Generic Sums, type parameters inferred: %v and %v\n",
SumIntsOrFloats(ints),
SumIntsOrFloats(floats))
fmt.Printf("Generic Sums with Constraint: %v and %v\n",
SumNumbers(ints),
SumNumbers(floats))
}
// SumInts adds together the values of m.
func SumInts(m map[string]int64) int64 {
var s int64
for _, v := range m {
s += v
}
return s
}
// SumFloats adds together the values of m.
func SumFloats(m map[string]float64) float64 {
var s float64
for _, v := range m {
s += v
}
return s
}
// SumIntsOrFloats sums the values of map m. It supports both floats and integers
// as map values.
func SumIntsOrFloats[K comparable, V int64 | float64](m map[K]V) V {
var s V
for _, v := range m {
s += v
}
return s
}
// SumNumbers sums the values of map m. Its supports both integers
// and floats as map values.
func SumNumbers[K comparable, V Number](m map[K]V) V {
var s V
for _, v := range m {
s += v
}
return s
}
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