给 PHP 项目添加数据库迁移

旧 PHP 项目的数据库迁移，很多直接使用 SQL 语句来记录，这种方式实在很不方便，所以介绍一个数据库迁移工具：Phinx。

特点

1. 使用 PHP 代码写数据库迁移
2. 数据库迁移执行和回滚
3. 数据库迁移部署
4. 创建数据库数据
5. 和任何应用都能集成

支持数据库

MySQL
PostgreSQL
SQLite
Microsoft SQL Server

安装

1. 安装 Composer

   curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

2. 添加库 Phinx

   php composer.phar require robmorgan/phinx

3. 运行 Composer

   php composer.phar install --no-dev

4. 初始化 Phinx, 生成配置文件 phinx.yml

   php vendor/bin/phinx init

   配置文件内容:

   paths:
       migrations: %%PHINX_CONFIG_DIR%%/db/migrations
       seeds: %%PHINX_CONFIG_DIR%%/db/seeds
   
   environments:
       default_migration_table: phinxlog
       default_database: development
   
       development:
           adapter: mysql
           host: localhost
           name: artable 
           user: root
           pass: ''
           port: 3306
           charset: utf8

使用 Migration

创建一个新的迁移

php vendor/bin/phinx create MyNewMigration

迁移文件：

<?php

use Phinx\Migration\AbstractMigration;

class MyNewMigration extends AbstractMigration
{
    /**
     * Change Method.
     *
     * Write your reversible migrations using this method.
     *
     * More information on writing migrations is available here:
     * http://docs.phinx.org/en/latest/migrations.html#the-abstractmigration-class
     *
     * The following commands can be used in this method and Phinx will
     * automatically reverse them when rolling back:
     *
     *    createTable
     *    renameTable
     *    addColumn
     *    renameColumn
     *    addIndex
     *    addForeignKey
     *
     * Remember to call "create()" or "update()" and NOT "save()" when working
     * with the Table class.
     */
    public function change()
    {

    }
}

基本字段类型

• biginteger
• binary
• boolean
• date
• datetime
• decimal
• float
• integer
• string
• text
• time
• timestamp
• uuid

不同的数据有各自不同的类型，具体请看 文档

例子：添加字段

<?php

use Phinx\Migration\AbstractMigration;

class CreateUserLoginsTable extends AbstractMigration
{
    /**
     * Change Method.
     *
     * More information on this method is available here:
     * http://docs.phinx.org/en/latest/migrations.html#the-change-method
     *
     * Uncomment this method if you would like to use it.
     */
    public function change()
    {
        // create the table
        $table = $this->table('user_logins');
        $table->addColumn('user_id', 'integer')
              ->addColumn('created_at', 'datetime')
              ->create();
    }
}

运行 Migration

php vendor/bin/phinx migrate -e development

development 是指定执行的环境，如：development, production, test

指定某个版本使用 --target 或者 -t

php vendor/bin/phinx migrate -e development -t 20110103081132

回滚 Migration

php vendor/bin/phinx rollback -e development

资源

https://github.com/robmorgan/phinx