请问一下这个查询该如何写

首先查当前登录用户所属的圈子，再查设置了memberOnly且和登录用户所属圈子关联的动态就是圈子成员可见的结果

先查出登录用户的圈子，逗号分隔成如 1,2,3

SELECT a.*
FROM feeds AS a
LEFT JOIN feed_topics AS b ON b.feed_id = a.id AND FIND_IN_SET(b.topic_id, '1,2,3')
WHERE a.view_permission IN ('allUser', 'creatorOnly') OR (a.view_permission = 'memberOnly' AND b.id IS NOT NULL)

我没测试，也没按ORM写，你可以先试一下，应该没问题，实际上也是应该先完成这个SQL再写成ORM

另外laravel的ORM其实自带这些功能，感觉也能实现(用了感觉，因为已经彻底放弃了这种方式，从没尝试过，感觉效率太低)，应该在ORM文档的查询关联模块有介绍。

你这个圈子和动态是一对多？

$query = Model();
$query->where(function ($query) {
    $query->orWhere(function ($query) {
       $query->where('role', 1);
    });
    $query->orWhere(function ($query) {
       $query->where('role', 2);
       $query->where('user_id', $user_id);
    });
    $query->orWhere(function ($query) {
       $query->where('role', 3);
       $query->whereHas('quanzi', function($query){
           $query->whereIn('user_id', $user_id);
       });
    });
});

        //所有
        $one=Feeds::where("view_permission","allUser");
        //自己
        $two=Feeds::where("view_permission","creatorOnly")->where("user_id",1);
        //获取所有关注圈子id
        $topicIdArr=UserTopics::where("user_id",1)->pluck("topic_id")->toArray();
        //关注
        $data=Feeds::join("feed_topics","feed_topics.topic_id","=","feeds.feed_id")
            ->where("feeds.view_permission","memberOnly")
            ->whereIn("feed_topics.topic_id",$topicIdArr)
            ->union($one)
            ->union($two)
            ->select(["feeds.*"])
            ->paginate(20)->toArray();

SELECT a.*
FROM `feeds` AS a
LEFT JOIN `feed_topics` AS b ON b.`feed_id` = a.`id` AND FIND_IN_SET(b.`topic_id`, '1,2,3')
WHERE 
    a.`view_permission` = 'allUser' 
    OR (a.view_permission = 'creatorOnly' AND a.`user_id` = 1) 
    OR (a.view_permission = 'memberOnly' AND b.id IS NOT NULL)
GROUP BY a.`id`
LIMIT 0, 20

替换一下user_id 和 topic_id

一对多的话要加一个 group by，天天用ORM，好久不写sql了，上面写的where条件还写错了23333.

这个可能更适合你

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Feed extends Model
{
    public function topic()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(FeedTopic::class,'feed_id');
    }
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class FeedTopic extends Model
{
    //
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    public function topic()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Topic::class);
    }
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Topic extends Model
{
    //
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Feed::whereHas('topic', function (Builder $query) {
            $query->where('feeds.view_permission', 'allUser')
                ->orWhere(function (Builder $query) {
                    $query->where('feeds.view_permission', 'creatorOnly')
                        ->where('feeds.user_id', auth()->id() ?? 1);
                })
                ->orWhere(function (Builder $query) {
                    $query->where('feeds.view_permission', 'memberOnly')
                        ->whereIn('feed_topics.topic_id', auth()->user() ? auth()->user()->topic->pluck('id') : [1, 2, 3]);
                });
            })
            ->paginate();

sql 如下：
 SELECT
    count(*) AS AGGREGATE 
FROM
    `feeds` 
WHERE
    EXISTS (
    SELECT
        * 
    FROM
        `feed_topics` 
    WHERE
        `feeds`.`id` = `feed_topics`.`feed_id` 
        AND (
            `feeds`.`view_permission` = allUser 
            OR ( `feeds`.`view_permission` = creatorOnly AND `feeds`.`user_id` = 1 ) 
            OR (
            `feeds`.`view_permission` = memberOnly 
    AND `feed_topics`.`topic_id` IN ( 1, 2, 3 )
    )
    )
    )