模型查询 where 条件类型转换的问题

strval($order_id) 或者（string）$order_id 试试

用whereRaw(sql)或者where(DB::raw(sql))试试

是自己封装的生成sql的方法吗

function raw_sql(string $sql, array $bindings)
    {
        if (!empty($bindings)) {
            $sql = str_replace(['%', '?'], ['%%', '%s'], $sql);
            foreach ($bindings as $key => $binding) {
                if (is_null($binding)) {
                    $bindings[$key] = 'null';
                } elseif (is_string($binding)) {
                    $binding        = addslashes($binding);
                    $bindings[$key] = "'{$binding}'";
                } else {
                    $bindings[$key] = "{$binding}";
                }
            }
            $sql = vsprintf($sql, $bindings);
        }
        return $sql;
    }