import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

读取数据文件

data = pd.read_excel(“财务报告.xlsx”)

提取年份和财务数据

years = data[“年份（年）”]
net_profit = data[“净利润”]
operating_income = data[“营业收入”]
total_assets = data[“资产总额”]
total_liabilities = data[“负债总额”]
current_assets = data[“流动资产”]
current_liabilities = data[“流动负债”]
cash_and_cash_equivalents = data[“现金及现金等价物”]

计算关键财务比率

net_profit_margin = net_profit / operating_income * 100
return_on_equity = net_profit / (total_assets - total_liabilities) * 100
debt_to_asset_ratio = total_liabilities / total_assets * 100
current_ratio = current_assets / current_liabilities
cash_ratio = cash_and_cash_equivalents / current_liabilities

绘制图表

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))

净利润率

plt.subplot(3, 2, 1)
plt.plot(years, net_profit_margin)
plt.xlabel(“年份”)
plt.ylabel(“净利润率”)
plt.title(“净利润率变化趋势”)

净资产收益率

plt.subplot(3, 2, 2)
plt.plot(years, return_on_equity)
plt.xlabel(“年份”)
plt.ylabel(“净资产收益率”)
plt.title(“净资产收益率变化趋势”)

资产负债率

plt.subplot(3, 2, 3)
plt.plot(years, debt_to_asset_ratio)
plt.xlabel(“年份”)
plt.ylabel(“资产负债率”)
plt.title(“资产负债率变化趋势”)

流动比率

plt.subplot(3, 2, 4)
plt.plot(years, current_ratio)
plt.xlabel(“年份”)
plt.ylabel(“流动比率”)
plt.title(“流动比率变化趋势”)

现金比率

plt.subplot(3, 2, 5)
plt.plot(years, cash_ratio)
plt.xlabel(“年份”)
plt.ylabel(“现金比率”)
plt.title(“现金比率变化趋势”)

调整布局

plt.tight_layout()

显示图表

plt.show()
运行结果