Laravel 项目：使用 TDD 构建论坛 Chapter 1

洛未必达的个人博客 / 2 / 4 / 创建于 6年前 / 更新于 6年前

0. 写在前面#

本系列文章为 laracasts.com 的系列视频教程 ——Let's Build A Forum with Laravel and TDD 的学习笔记。若喜欢该系列视频，可去该网站订阅后下载该系列视频， 支持正版 。
视频源码地址：https://github.com/laracasts/Lets-Build-a-Forum-in-Laravel
本项目为一个 forum（论坛）项目，与本站的第二本实战教程 Laravel 教程 - Web 开发实战进阶 (Laravel 5.5) 类似，可互相参照
项目开发模式为 TDD 开发，教程简介为：

A forum is a deceptively complex thing. Sure, it's made up of threads and replies, but what else might exist as part of a forum? What about profiles, or thread subscriptions, or filtering, or real-time notifications? As it turns out, a forum is the perfect project to stretch your programming muscles. In this series, we'll work together to build one with tests from A to Z.
项目版本为 laravel 5.4，教程后面会进行升级到 laravel 5.5 的教学
视频教程共计 102 个小节，笔记章节与视频教程一一对应

1. 本节说明#

对应视频教程第 1 小节：Initial Database Setup With Seeding

2. 本节内容#

开发环境#

开发环境与本站推荐开发环境统一，详见：Laravel 开发环境部署
编辑器选用 PHP storm

新建项目#

首先开启虚拟机：

> cd ~/Homestead && vagrant up
> vagrant ssh

新建一个名为 forum 的项目：

$ cd ~/Code
$ composer create-project laravel/laravel forum --prefer-dist "5.4.*"

构建模型#

在本项目中，最基本的模型为 Thread , Reply , User :

# forum

1.Thread
2.Reply
3.User

A.Thread is created by a user
B.A reply belongs to a thread,and belongs to a user.

建立 Thread 模型、迁移文件与控制器：

$ php artisan make:model Thread -mr

会同时生成 app\Thread.php 模型文件，app\Http\Controllers\ThreadController.php 控制器，database\migrations\{timestamp}_create_threads_table.php 迁移。

注：该命令生成控制器时，应修改为复数形式，如 app\Http\Controllers\ThreadsController.php

修改 app\Thread.php 文件：

.
.
class Thread extends Model
{
    protected $guarded = []; // 意味所有属性均可更新，后期会修复此安全隐患
.
.

修改 database\migrations\{timestamp}_create_threads_table.php 文件：

.
.
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('threads', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->integer('user_id');
        $table->string('title');
        $table->text('body');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}
.
.

修改.env 文件：

APP_NAME=forum
.
.
APP_URL=http://forum.test
.
.
DB_DATABASE=forum
.
.

建立 forum 数据库，并运行迁移：

$ php artisan migrate

建立 Reply 模型、迁移文件与控制器：

$ php artisan make:model Reply -mr

修改 app\Reply.php 文件：

.
.
class Reply extends Model
{
    protected $guarded = [];
.
.

修改 database\migrations\{timestamp}_create_replies_table.php 文件

.
.
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('replies', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->integer('thread_id');
        $table->integer('user_id');
        $table->text('body');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}
.
.

再次运行迁移：

$ php artisan migrate

模型工厂#

修改 database\factories\ModelFactory.php 如下：

<?php

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Model Factories
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here you may define all of your model factories. Model factories give
| you a convenient way to create models for testing and seeding your
| database. Just tell the factory how a default model should look.
|
*/

/** @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factory $factory */
$factory->define(App\User::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) {
    static $password;

    return [
        'name' => $faker->name,
        'email' => $faker->unique()->safeEmail,
        'password' => $password ?: $password = bcrypt('123456'),
        'remember_token' => str_random(10),
    ];
});

$factory->define(App\Thread::class,function ($faker){
   return [
       'user_id' => function () {
            return factory('App\User')->create()->id;
       },
       'title' => $faker->sentence,
       'body' => $faker->paragraph,
    ];
});

$factory->define(App\Reply::class,function ($faker){
    return [
        'thread_id' => function () {
            return factory('App\Thread')->create()->id;
        },
        'user_id' => function () {
            return factory('App\User')->create()->id;
        },
        'body' => $faker->paragraph,
    ];
});

数据填充#

进入 tinker 环境：

$ php artisan tinker

依次执行以下语句，填充假数据：

>>> factory('App\Thread',50)->create()
>>> $threads = factory('App\Thread',50)->create()
>>> $threads->each(function ($thread){ factory('App\Reoly',10)->create(['thread_id' => $thread->id]);});