Laravel 项目：使用 TDD 构建论坛 Chapter 6

0.写在前面

• 本系列文章为laracasts.com 的系列视频教程——Let's Build A Forum with Laravel and TDD 的学习笔记。若喜欢该系列视频，可去该网站订阅后下载该系列视频， 支持正版 。
• 视频源码地址：https://github.com/laracasts/Lets-Build-a-Forum-in-Laravel
• 本项目为一个 forum（论坛）项目，与本站的第二本实战教程 Laravel 教程 - Web 开发实战进阶 ( Laravel 5.5 ) 类似，可互相参照
• 项目开发模式为TDD开发，教程简介为：

  A forum is a deceptively complex thing. Sure, it's made up of threads and replies, but what else might exist as part of a forum? What about profiles, or thread subscriptions, or filtering, or real-time notifications? As it turns out, a forum is the perfect project to stretch your programming muscles. In this series, we'll work together to build one with tests from A to Z.

• 项目版本为laravel 5.4，教程后面会进行升级到laravel 5.5的教学
• 视频教程共计 102 个小节，笔记章节与视频教程一一对应

1.本节说明

• 对应视频第 6 小节：A User Can Publish Threads

2.本节内容

首先新建测试文件：

$ php artisan make:test CreateThreadsTest

编写测试逻辑：
\tests\Feature\CreateThreadsTest.php

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseMigrations;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTransactions;

class CreateThreadsTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function an_authenticated_user_can_create_new_forum_threads()
    {
        // Given we have a signed in user
        // When we hit the endpoint to cteate a new thread 
        // Then,when we visit the thread
        // We should see the new thread
    }
}

接着填充具体代码：

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseMigrations;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTransactions;

class CreateThreadsTest extends TestCase
{
    use DatabaseMigrations;

    /** @test */
    public function an_authenticated_user_can_create_new_forum_threads()
    {
        // Given we have a signed in user
        $this->actingAs(factory('App\User')->create());  // 已登录用户

        // When we hit the endpoint to cteate a new thread
        $thread = factory('App\Thread')->make();
        $this->post('/threads',$thread->toArray());

        // Then,when we visit the thread
        // We should see the new thread
        $this->get($thread->path())
            ->assertSee($thread->title)
            ->assertSee($thread->body);
    }
}

注1：关于create()，make()，rw()三种方法的比较，详见笔记心得处。

运行测试：

$ APP_ENV=testing phpunit --filter an_authenticate

测试未通过：

因为还未添加路由，前往添加：
web.php

.
.
Route::get('/home', 'HomeController@index')->name('home');
Route::get('/threads','ThreadsController@index');
Route::post('/threads','ThreadsController@store');  -->此处添加路由
Route::get('/threads/{thread}','ThreadsController@show');
Route::post('/threads/{thread}/replies','RepliesController@store');

修改store方法：
\app\Http\Controllers\ThreadsController.php

.
.
public function store(Request $request)
{
    $thread = Thread::create([
        'user_id' => auth()->id(),
        'title' => request('title'),
        'body' => request('body'),
    ]);

    return redirect($thread->path());
}
.
.

再次测试，测试通过：

接下来我们可以编写测试，未登录用户不能添加thread：
\tests\Feature\CreateThreadsTest.php

class CreateThreadsTest extends TestCase
{
    use DatabaseMigrations;

    /** @test */
    public function guests_may_not_create_threads()
    {
        $thread = factory('App\Thread')->make();
        $this->post('/threads',$thread->toArray());
    }
    .
    .

此时如果我们运行测试的话：

仍然新建了thread，只是因为此时auth()->id()为null导致user_id的值为null，从而出现了数据库异常，这说明测试未通过。接下来修复此漏洞：
\app\Http\Controllers\ThreadsController.php

class ThreadsController extends Controller
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('auth')->only('store'); // 白名单，意味着仅 store 方法需要登录
    }

再次测试：

正是我们希望看到的。补充完测试代码：
\tests\Feature\CreateThreadsTest.php

/** @test */
public function guests_may_not_create_threads()
{
    $this->expectException('Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException'); // 在此处抛出异常即代表测试通过

    $thread = factory('App\Thread')->make();
    $this->post('/threads',$thread->toArray());
}

再次运行测试，测试通过：

3.笔记心得

• 关于create()，make()，raw()三种方法的比较：create()方法得到一个模型实例，并保存到数据库中；make()方法得到一个模型实例（不保存）；raw()方法是得到一个模型实例转化后的数组。

4.写在后面

• 如有建议或意见，欢迎指出~
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