latex 数学公式(较全|顺便检测论坛支持性)
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完整文档
!待整理
参考维基百科的数学公式教程
参考Cmd Markdown 公式指导手册
本文为 MathJax 在 Markdown 环境下的语法指引。
如何插入公式
\LaTeX 的数学公式有两种:行中公式和独立公式(行间公式)。行中公式放在文中与其它文字混编,独立公式单独成行。
行中公式可以用如下方法表示:
$ 数学公式 $
(本文无法使用单$
,已经全替换为$$
)
独立公式可以用如下方法表示:
$$ 数学公式 $$
函数、符号及特殊字符
声调 / 变音符号
\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a}
{\displaystyle {\dot {a}},{\ddot {a}},{\acute {a}},{\grave {a}}}
\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a}
{\displaystyle {\check {a}},{\breve {a}},{\tilde {a}},{\bar {a}}}
\hat{a}, \widehat{a}, \vec{a}
{\displaystyle {\hat {a}},{\widehat {a}},{\vec {a}}}
标准函数
指数
\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = \mathrm{e}^b, 10^m
{\displaystyle \exp _{a}b=a^{b},\exp b=\mathrm{e}^{b},10^{m}}
对数
\ln c, \lg d, \log \mathrm{e}, \log_{10} f
{\displaystyle \ln c,\lg d,\log e,\log _{10}f}
三角函数
\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f
{\displaystyle \sin a,\cos b,\tan c,\cot d,\sec e,\csc f}
\arcsin a, \arccos b, \arctan c
{\displaystyle \arcsin a,\arccos b,\arctan c}
\arccot d, \arcsec e, \arccsc f
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arccot} d,\operatorname {arcsec} e,\operatorname {arccsc} f}
\sinh a, \cosh b, \tanh c, \coth d
{\displaystyle \sinh a,\cosh b,\tanh c,\coth d}
\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n
{\displaystyle \operatorname {sh} k,\operatorname {ch} l,\operatorname {th} m,\operatorname {coth} n}
\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q
{\displaystyle \operatorname {argsh} o,\operatorname {argch} p,\operatorname {argth} q}
符号函数,绝对值
\sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert
或 \lvert s \rvert
或 \left| s \right|
{\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn} r,\left\vert s\right\vert }
最大值,最小值
\min(x,y), \max(x,y)
{\displaystyle \min(x,y),\max(x,y)}
界限,极限
\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t
{\displaystyle \min x,\max y,\inf s,\sup t}
\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w
{\displaystyle \lim u,\liminf v,\limsup w}
\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{n(n+1)}
{\displaystyle \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{n(n+1)}}
\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi
{\displaystyle \dim p,\deg q,\det m,\ker \phi}
投射
\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z
{\displaystyle \Pr j,\hom l,\lVert z\rVert ,\arg z}
微分及导数
dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi
{\displaystyle dt,\mathrm {d} t,\partial t,\nabla \psi }
dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y
{\displaystyle dy/dx,\mathrm {d} y/\mathrm {d} x,{\frac {dy}{dx}},{\frac {\mathrm {d} y}{\mathrm {d} x}},{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x_{1}\partial x_{2}}}y}
\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y
{\displaystyle \prime ,\backprime ,f^{\prime},f’,f’’,f^{(3)}!,{\dot {y}},{\ddot {y}}}
类字母符号及常数
\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar
{\displaystyle \infty ,\aleph ,\complement ,\backepsilon ,\eth ,\Finv ,\hbar}
\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS
{\displaystyle \Im ,\imath ,\jmath ,\Bbbk ,\ell ,\mho ,\wp ,\Re ,\circledS }
模运算
s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}
{\displaystyle s_{k}\equiv 0{\pmod {m}}}
a \bmod b
{\displaystyle a \bmod b}
\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)
{\displaystyle \gcd(m,n),\operatorname {lcm} (m,n)}
\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid
{\displaystyle \mid ,\nmid ,\shortmid ,\nshortmid}
根号
\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{}, \sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}
{\displaystyle \surd ,{\sqrt {2}},{\sqrt[{n}]{}},{\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {x^{3}+y^{3}}{2}}}}
运算符
+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus
{\displaystyle +,-,\pm ,\mp ,\dotplus}
\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash
{\displaystyle \times ,\div ,\divideontimes ,/,\backslash}
\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet
{\displaystyle \cdot ,*\ast ,\star ,\circ ,\bullet}
\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot
{\displaystyle \boxplus ,\boxminus ,\boxtimes ,\boxdot}
\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot
{\displaystyle \oplus ,\ominus ,\otimes ,\oslash ,\odot}
\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast
{\displaystyle \circleddash ,\circledcirc ,\circledast}
\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot
{\displaystyle \bigoplus ,\bigotimes ,\bigodot}
集合 {id=”set”}
\{ \}, \O \empty \emptyset, \varnothing
{\displaystyle {},\emptyset \emptyset \emptyset ,\varnothing }
\in, \notin \not\in, \ni, \not\ni
{\displaystyle \in ,\notin \not \in ,\ni ,\not \ni}
\cap, \Cap, \sqcap, \bigcap
{\displaystyle \cap ,\Cap ,\sqcap ,\bigcap}
\cup, \Cup, \sqcup, \bigcup, \bigsqcup, \uplus, \biguplus
{\displaystyle \cup ,\Cup ,\sqcup ,\bigcup ,\bigsqcup ,\uplus ,\biguplus}
\setminus, \smallsetminus, \times
{\displaystyle \setminus ,\smallsetminus ,\times}
\subset, \Subset, \sqsubset
{\displaystyle \subset ,\Subset ,\sqsubset}
\supset, \Supset, \sqsupset
{\displaystyle \supset ,\Supset ,\sqsupset}
\subseteq, \nsubseteq, \subsetneq, \varsubsetneq, \sqsubseteq
{\displaystyle \subseteq ,\nsubseteq ,\subsetneq ,\varsubsetneq ,\sqsubseteq}
\supseteq, \nsupseteq, \supsetneq, \varsupsetneq, \sqsupseteq
{\displaystyle \supseteq ,\nsupseteq ,\supsetneq ,\varsupsetneq ,\sqsupseteq}
\subseteqq, \nsubseteqq, \subsetneqq, \varsubsetneqq
{\displaystyle \subseteqq ,\nsubseteqq ,\subsetneqq ,\varsubsetneqq}
\supseteqq, \nsupseteqq, \supsetneqq, \varsupsetneqq
{\displaystyle \supseteqq ,\nsupseteqq ,\supsetneqq ,\varsupsetneqq}
关系符号
=, \ne, \neq, \equiv, \not\equiv
{\displaystyle =,\neq ,\neq ,\equiv ,\not \equiv}
\doteq, \doteqdot,
\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=},
:=
{\displaystyle \doteq ,\doteqdot ,{\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}}{=}},:=}
\sim, \nsim, \backsim, \thicksim, \simeq, \backsimeq, \eqsim, \cong, \ncong
{\displaystyle \sim ,\nsim ,\backsim ,\thicksim ,\simeq ,\backsimeq ,\eqsim ,\cong ,\ncong}
\approx, \thickapprox, \approxeq, \asymp, \propto, \varpropto
{\displaystyle \approx ,\thickapprox ,\approxeq ,\asymp ,\propto ,\varpropto}
<, \nless, \ll, \not\ll, \lll, \not\lll, \lessdot
{\displaystyle <,\nless ,\ll ,\not \ll ,\lll ,\not \lll ,\lessdot}
>, \ngtr, \gg, \not\gg, \ggg, \not\ggg, \gtrdot
{\displaystyle>,\ngtr ,\gg ,\not \gg ,\ggg ,\not \ggg ,\gtrdot }
\le, \leq, \lneq, \leqq, \nleq, \nleqq, \lneqq, \lvertneqq
{\displaystyle \leq ,\leq ,\lneq ,\leqq ,\nleq ,\nleqq ,\lneqq ,\lvertneqq}
\ge, \geq, \gneq, \geqq, \ngeq, \ngeqq, \gneqq, \gvertneqq
{\displaystyle \geq ,\geq ,\gneq ,\geqq ,\ngeq ,\ngeqq ,\gneqq ,\gvertneqq}
\lessgtr, \lesseqgtr, \lesseqqgtr, \gtrless, \gtreqless, \gtreqqless
{\displaystyle \lessgtr ,\lesseqgtr ,\lesseqqgtr ,\gtrless ,\gtreqless ,\gtreqqless}
\leqslant, \nleqslant, \eqslantless
{\displaystyle \leqslant ,\nleqslant ,\eqslantless}
\geqslant, \ngeqslant, \eqslantgtr
{\displaystyle \geqslant ,\ngeqslant ,\eqslantgtr}
\lesssim, \lnsim, \lessapprox, \lnapprox
{\displaystyle \lesssim ,\lnsim ,\lessapprox ,\lnapprox}
\gtrsim, \gnsim, \gtrapprox, \gnapprox
{\displaystyle \gtrsim ,\gnsim ,\gtrapprox ,\gnapprox}
\prec, \nprec, \preceq, \npreceq, \precneqq
{\displaystyle \prec ,\nprec ,\preceq ,\npreceq ,\precneqq}
\succ, \nsucc, \succeq, \nsucceq, \succneqq
{\displaystyle \succ ,\nsucc ,\succeq ,\nsucceq ,\succneqq}
\preccurlyeq, \curlyeqprec
{\displaystyle \preccurlyeq ,\curlyeqprec}
\succcurlyeq, \curlyeqsucc
{\displaystyle \succcurlyeq ,\curlyeqsucc}
\precsim, \precnsim, \precapprox, \precnapprox
{\displaystyle \precsim ,\precnsim ,\precapprox ,\precnapprox}
\succsim, \succnsim, \succapprox, \succnapprox
{\displaystyle \succsim ,\succnsim ,\succapprox ,\succnapprox}
几何符号
\parallel, \nparallel, \shortparallel, \nshortparallel
{\displaystyle \parallel ,\nparallel ,\shortparallel ,\nshortparallel}
\perp, \angle, \sphericalangle, \measuredangle, 45^\circ
{\displaystyle \perp ,\angle ,\sphericalangle ,\measuredangle ,45^{\circ}}
\Box, \blacksquare, \diamond, \Diamond \lozenge, \blacklozenge, \bigstar
{\displaystyle \Box ,\blacksquare ,\diamond ,\Diamond \lozenge ,\blacklozenge ,\bigstar}
\bigcirc, \triangle, \bigtriangleup, \bigtriangledown
{\displaystyle \bigcirc ,\triangle ,\bigtriangleup ,\bigtriangledown}
\vartriangle, \triangledown
{\displaystyle \vartriangle ,\triangledown}
\blacktriangle, \blacktriangledown, \blacktriangleleft, \blacktriangleright
{\displaystyle \blacktriangle ,\blacktriangledown ,\blacktriangleleft ,\blacktriangleright}
逻辑符号
\forall, \exists, \nexists
{\displaystyle \forall ,\exists ,\nexists}
\therefore, \because, \And
{\displaystyle \therefore ,\because ,\And}
\or \lor \vee, \curlyvee, \bigvee
{\displaystyle \lor ,\lor ,\vee ,\curlyvee ,\bigvee}
\and \land \wedge, \curlywedge, \bigwedge
{\displaystyle \land ,\land ,\wedge ,\curlywedge ,\bigwedge}
\bar{q}, \bar{abc}, \overline{q}, \overline{abc},
\lnot \neg, \not\operatorname{R}, \bot, \top
{\displaystyle {\bar {q}},{\bar {abc}},{\overline {q}},{\overline {abc}},}
{\displaystyle \lnot \neg ,\not \operatorname {R} ,\bot ,\top }
\vdash \dashv, \vDash, \Vdash, \models
{\displaystyle \vdash ,\dashv ,\vDash ,\Vdash ,\models}
\Vvdash \nvdash \nVdash \nvDash \nVDash
{\displaystyle \Vvdash ,\nvdash ,\nVdash ,\nvDash ,\nVDash}
\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner
{\displaystyle \ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner}
箭头
\Rrightarrow, \Lleftarrow
{\displaystyle \Rrightarrow ,\Lleftarrow}
\Rightarrow, \nRightarrow, \Longrightarrow \implies
{\displaystyle \Rightarrow ,\nRightarrow ,\Longrightarrow ,\implies}
\Leftarrow, \nLeftarrow, \Longleftarrow
{\displaystyle \Leftarrow ,\nLeftarrow ,\Longleftarrow}
\Leftrightarrow, \nLeftrightarrow, \Longleftrightarrow \iff
{\displaystyle \Leftrightarrow ,\nLeftrightarrow ,\Longleftrightarrow \iff}
\Uparrow, \Downarrow, \Updownarrow
{\displaystyle \Uparrow ,\Downarrow ,\Updownarrow}
\rightarrow \to, \nrightarrow, \longrightarrow
{\displaystyle \rightarrow \to ,\nrightarrow ,\longrightarrow}
\leftarrow \gets, \nleftarrow, \longleftarrow
{\displaystyle \leftarrow \gets ,\nleftarrow ,\longleftarrow}
\leftrightarrow, \nleftrightarrow, \longleftrightarrow
{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow ,\nleftrightarrow ,\longleftrightarrow}
\uparrow, \downarrow, \updownarrow
{\displaystyle \uparrow ,\downarrow ,\updownarrow}
\nearrow, \swarrow, \nwarrow, \searrow
{\displaystyle \nearrow ,\swarrow ,\nwarrow ,\searrow}
\mapsto, \longmapsto
{\displaystyle \mapsto ,\longmapsto}
\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons
{\displaystyle \rightharpoonup ,\rightharpoondown ,\leftharpoonup ,\leftharpoondown ,\upharpoonleft ,\upharpoonright ,\downharpoonleft ,\downharpoonright ,\rightleftharpoons ,\leftrightharpoons}
\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \rightarrowtail \looparrowright
{\displaystyle \curvearrowleft ,\circlearrowleft ,\Lsh ,\upuparrows ,\rightrightarrows ,\rightleftarrows ,\rightarrowtail ,\looparrowright}
\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft
{\displaystyle \curvearrowright ,\circlearrowright ,\Rsh ,\downdownarrows ,\leftleftarrows ,\leftrightarrows ,\leftarrowtail ,\looparrowleft}
\hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadleftarrow
{\displaystyle \hookrightarrow ,\hookleftarrow ,\multimap ,\leftrightsquigarrow ,\rightsquigarrow ,\twoheadrightarrow ,\twoheadleftarrow}
特殊符号
省略号:数学公式中常见的省略号有两种,\ldots
表示与文本底线对齐的省略号,\cdots
表示与文本中线对齐的省略号。
\amalg \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots
{\displaystyle \amalg \%\dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots}
\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright
{\displaystyle \smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright}
\diamondsuit, \heartsuit, \clubsuit, \spadesuit, \Game, \flat, \natural, \sharp
{\displaystyle \diamondsuit ,\heartsuit ,\clubsuit ,\spadesuit ,\Game ,\flat ,\natural ,\sharp}
未分类
\diagup \diagdown \centerdot \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes
{\displaystyle \diagup ,\diagdown ,\centerdot ,\ltimes ,\rtimes ,\leftthreetimes ,\rightthreetimes}
\eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \bumpeq \Bumpeq \doteqdot \risingdotseq \fallingdotseq
{\displaystyle \eqcirc ,\circeq ,\triangleq ,\bumpeq ,\Bumpeq ,\doteqdot ,\risingdotseq ,\fallingdotseq}
\intercal \barwedge \veebar \doublebarwedge \between \pitchfork
{\displaystyle \intercal ,\barwedge ,\veebar ,\doublebarwedge ,\between ,\pitchfork}
\vartriangleleft \ntriangleleft \vartriangleright \ntriangleright
{\displaystyle \vartriangleleft ,\ntriangleleft ,\vartriangleright ,\ntriangleright}
\trianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq
{\displaystyle \trianglelefteq ,\ntrianglelefteq ,\trianglerighteq ,\ntrianglerighteq}
关于这些符号的更多语义,参阅 TeX Cookbook 的简述。
上标、下标及积分等
功能|语法|效果
^
表示上标, _
表示下标。如果上下标的内容多于一个字符,需要用 {}
将这些内容括成一个整体。上下标可以嵌套,也可以同时使用。
上标
a^2
{\displaystyle a^{2}}
下标
a_2
{\displaystyle a_{2}}
组合
a^{2+2}
{\displaystyle a^{2+2}}
a_{i,j}
{\displaystyle a_{i,j}}
结合上下标
x_2^3
{\displaystyle x_{2}^{3}}
前置上下标
{}_1^2\!X_3^4
{\displaystyle {}{1}^{2}!X{3}^{4}}
导数(HTML)
x'
{\displaystyle x’}
导数(PNG)
x^\prime
{\displaystyle x^{\prime}}
导数(错误)
x\prime
{\displaystyle x\prime}
导数点
\dot{x}
{\displaystyle {\dot {x}}}
\ddot{y}
{\displaystyle {\ddot {y}}}
向量
\vec{c}
(只有一个字母)
{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}
\overleftarrow{a b}
{\displaystyle {\overleftarrow {ab}}}
\overrightarrow{c d}
{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {cd}}}
\overleftrightarrow{a b}
{\displaystyle {\overleftrightarrow {ab}}}
\widehat{e f g}
{\displaystyle {\widehat {efg}}}
上弧
(注: 正确应该用 \overarc,但在这里行不通。要用建议的语法作为解决办法。)(使用 \ overarc 时需要引入 {arcs} 包。)
\overset{\frown} {AB}
{\displaystyle {\overset {\frown}{AB}}}
上划线
\overline{h i j}
{\displaystyle {\overline {hij}}}
下划线
\underline{k l m}
{\displaystyle {\underline {klm}}}
上括号
\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}
{\displaystyle \overbrace {1+2+\cdots +100} }
\begin{matrix} 5050 \\\\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 } \end{matrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}5050\\\overbrace {1+2+\cdots +100} \end{matrix}}}
下括号
\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}
{\displaystyle \underbrace {a+b+\cdots +z} }
\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\\\ 26 \end{matrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\underbrace {a+b+\cdots +z} \\26\end{matrix}}}
求和(累加)
\sum_{k=1}^N k^2
{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}}
\begin{matrix} \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 \end{matrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}\end{matrix}}}
求积(累乘)
\prod_{i=1}^N x_i
{\displaystyle \prod {i=1}^{N}x{i}}
\begin{matrix} \prod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\prod {i=1}^{N}x{i}\end{matrix}}}
上积
\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i
{\displaystyle \coprod {i=1}^{N}x{i}}
\begin{matrix} \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\coprod {i=1}^{N}x{i}\end{matrix}}}
极限
\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n
{\displaystyle \lim {n\to \infty}x{n}}
\begin{matrix} \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n \end{matrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\lim {n\to \infty }x{n}\end{matrix}}}
积分
\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, {\rm d}x
{\displaystyle \int _{-N}^{N}e^{x},{\rm d} x}
本例中 \,
和 {\rm d}
部分可省略,但建议加入,能使式子更美观。{\rm d}
可以用\mathrm{d}
等价替换。
\begin{matrix} \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, \mathrm{d}x \end{matrix}
(矩阵中积分符号变小)
{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\int _{-N}^{N}e^{x},\mathrm {d} x\end{matrix}}}
双重积分
\iint_{D}^{W} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y
{\displaystyle \iint _{D}^{W},\mathrm {d} x,\mathrm {d} y}
三重积分
\iiint_{E}^{V} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z
{\displaystyle \iiint _{E}^{V},\mathrm {d} x,\mathrm {d} y,\mathrm {d} z}
闭合的曲线、曲面积分
\oint_{C} x^3\, \mathrm{d}x + 4y^2\, \mathrm{d}y
{\displaystyle \oint _{C}x^{3},\mathrm {d} x+4y^{2},\mathrm {d} y}
交集
\bigcap_1^{n} p
{\displaystyle \bigcap _{1}^{n}p}
并集
\bigcup_1^{k} p
{\displaystyle \bigcup _{1}^{k}p}
分数
通常使用 \frac {分子} {分母}
命令产生一个分数,分数可嵌套。
便捷情况可直接输入 \frac ab
来快速生成一个 $\frac ab$ 。
如果分式很复杂,亦可使用 分子 \over 分母
命令,此时分数仅有一层。
功能|语法|效果
分数
\frac{2}{4}=0.5
{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{4}}=0.5}
小型分数
\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {2}{4}}=0.5}
连分式(大型嵌套分式)
\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a
{\displaystyle {\cfrac {2}{c+{\cfrac {2}{d+{\cfrac {2}{4}}}}}}=a}
大型不嵌套分式
\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a
{\displaystyle {\dfrac {2}{4}}=0.5\qquad {\dfrac {2}{c+{\dfrac {2}{d+{\dfrac {2}{4}}}}}}=a}
二项式系数
\dbinom{n}{r}=\binom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}
{\displaystyle {\dbinom {n}{r}}={\binom {n}{n-r}}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{r}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{n-r}}
小型二项式系数
\tbinom{n}{r}=\tbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}
{\displaystyle {\tbinom {n}{r}}={\tbinom {n}{n-r}}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{r}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{n-r}}
大型二项式系数
\binom{n}{r}=\dbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}
{\displaystyle {\binom {n}{r}}={\dbinom {n}{n-r}}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{r}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{n-r}}
在以e为底的指数函数、极限和积分中尽量不要使用 \frac
符号:它会使整段函数看起来很怪,而且可能产生歧义。也正是因此它在专业数学排版中几乎从不出现。
横着写这些分式,中间使用斜线间隔 /
(用斜线代替分数线)。
- 例子:
\begin{array}{cc}
\mathrm{Bad} & \mathrm{Better} \\\\
\hline \\\\
e^{i\frac{\pi}2} \quad e^{\frac{i\pi}2}& e^{i\pi/2} \\\\
\int_{-\frac\pi2}^\frac\pi2 \sin x\,dx & \int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\sin x\,dx \\\\
\end{array}
- 显示:
$$
\begin{array}{cc}
\mathrm{Bad} & \mathrm{Better} \\
\hline \\
e^{i\frac{\pi}2} \quad e^{\frac{i\pi}2}& e^{i\pi/2} \\
\int_{-\frac\pi2}^\frac\pi2 \sin x,dx & \int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\sin x,dx \\
\end{array}
$$
矩阵、条件表达式、方程组
语法:
\begin{类型}
公式内容
\end{类型}
类型可以是:矩阵 matrix
pmatrix
bmatrix
Bmatrix
vmatrix
Vmatrix
、条件表达式 cases
、多行对齐方程式 aligned
、数组 array
。
在公式内容中:在每一行中插入 &
来指定需要对齐的内容,在每行结尾处使用 \\\\
换行。
无框矩阵
在开头使用 begin{matrix}
,在结尾使用 end{matrix}
,在中间插入矩阵元素,每个元素之间插入 &
,并在每行结尾处使用 \\\\
。
\begin{matrix}
x & y \\\\
z & v
\end{matrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}x&y\\z&v\end{matrix}}}
有框矩阵
在开头将 matrix
替换为 pmatrix
bmatrix
Bmatrix
vmatrix
Vmatrix
。
\begin{vmatrix}
x & y \\\\
z & v
\end{vmatrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{vmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{vmatrix}}}
\begin{Vmatrix}
x & y \\\\
z & v
\end{Vmatrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{Vmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Vmatrix}}}
使用 \cdots
$\cdots$ , \ddots
$\ddots$ , \vdots
$\vdots$ 来输入省略符号。
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & \cdots & 0 \\\\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\\\
0 & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}0&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&\cdots &0\end{bmatrix}}}
\begin{Bmatrix}
x & y \\\\
z & v
\end{Bmatrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{Bmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Bmatrix}}}
\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\\\
z & v
\end{pmatrix}
{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{pmatrix}}}
条件表达式
f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\\\
3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
{\displaystyle f(n)={\begin{cases}n/2,&{\text{if }}n{\text{ is even}}\\3n+1,&{\text{if }}n{\text{ is odd}}\end{cases}}}
多行等式、同余式
人们经常想要一列整齐且居中的方程式序列。使用 \begin{aligned}…\end{aligned}
。
\begin{aligned}
f(x) & = (m+n)^2 \\\\
& = m^2+2mn+n^2 \\\\
\end{aligned}
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(m+n)^{2}\\&=m^{2}+2mn+n^{2}\\\end{aligned}}}
begin{aligned}
3^{6n+3}+4^{6n+3}
& \equiv (3^3)^{2n+1}+(4^3)^{2n+1}\\\\
& \equiv 27^{2n+1}+64^{2n+1}\\\\
& \equiv 27^{2n+1}+(-27)^{2n+1}\\\\
& \equiv 27^{2n+1}-27^{2n+1}\\\\
& \equiv 0 \pmod{91}\\\\
\end{aligned}
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}3^{6n+3}+4^{6n+3}&\equiv (3^{3})^{2n+1}+(4^{3})^{2n+1}\\&\equiv 27^{2n+1}+64^{2n+1}\\&\equiv 27^{2n+1}+(-27)^{2n+1}\\&\equiv 27^{2n+1}-27^{2n+1}\\&\equiv 0{\pmod {91}}\\\end{aligned}}}
\begin{alignedat}{3}
f(x) & = (m-n)^2 \\\\
f(x) & = (-m+n)^2 \\\\
& = m^2-2mn+n^2 \\\\
\end{alignedat}
{\displaystyle {\begin{alignedat}{3}f(x)&=(m-n)^{2}\\f(x)&=(-m+n)^{2}\\&=m^{2}-2mn+n^{2}\\\end{alignedat}}}
方程组
\begin{cases}
3x + 5y + z \\\\
7x - 2y + 4z \\\\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{cases}
{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}3x+5y+z\\7x-2y+4z\\-6x+3y+2z\end{cases}}}
或
\left\{\begin{aligned}
3x + 5y + z \\\\
7x - 2y + 4z \\\\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{aligned}\right.
\left{\begin{aligned}
3x + 5y + z \\
7x - 2y + 4z \\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{aligned}\right.
数组与表格
通常,一个格式化后的表格比单纯的文字或排版后的文字更具有可读性。数组和表格均以 \begin{array}
开头,并在其后定义列数及每一列的文本对齐属性,c
l
r
分别代表居中、左对齐及右对齐。若需要插入垂直分割线,在定义式中插入 |
,若要插入水平分割线,在下一行输入前插入 \hline
。与矩阵相似,每行元素间均须要插入 &
,每行元素以 \\\\
结尾,最后以 \end{array}
结束数组。
- 例子:
\begin{array}{c|lcr}
n & \text{左对齐} & \text{居中对齐} & \text{右对齐} \\\\
\hline
1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 \\\\
2 & -1 & 189 & -8 \\\\
3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i
\end{array}
显示:
\begin{array}{c|lcr}
n & \text{左对齐} & \text{居中对齐} & \text{右对齐} \\
\hline
1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 \\
2 & -1 & 189 & -8 \\
3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i
\end{array}例子:
\begin{array}{lcl}
z & = & a \\\\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}
- 显示:
{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{lcl}z&=&a\\f(x,y,z)&=&x+y+z\end{array}}}
- 例子:
\begin{array}{lcr}
z & = & a \\\\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}
- 显示:
{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{lcr}z&=&a\\f(x,y,z)&=&x+y+z\end{array}}}
- 例子:
\begin{array}{ccc}
a & b & S \\\\
\hline
0&0&1\\\\
0&1&1\\\\
1&0&1\\\\
1&1&0\\\\
\end{array}
- 显示:
{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{ccc}a&b&S\\\hline 0&0&1\\0&1&1\\1&0&1\\1&1&0\\\end{array}}}
嵌套数组或表格
多个数组/表格可 互相嵌套 并组成一组数组/一组表格。
使用嵌套前必须声明 $$
符号。
- 例子:
% outer vertical array of arrays 外层垂直表格
\begin{array}{c}
% inner horizontal array of arrays 内层水平表格
\begin{array}{cc}
% inner array of minimum values 内层"最小值"数组
\begin{array}{c|cccc}
\text{min} & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3\\\\
\hline
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\\\
1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1\\\\
2 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 2\\\\
3 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3
\end{array}
&
% inner array of maximum values 内层"最大值"数组
\begin{array}{c|cccc}
\text{max}&0&1&2&3\\\\
\hline
0 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3\\\\
1 & 1 & 1 & 2 & 3\\\\
2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 3\\\\
3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3
\end{array}
\end{array}
% 内层第一行表格组结束
\\\\
% inner array of delta values 内层第二行Delta值数组
\begin{array}{c|cccc}
\Delta&0&1&2&3\\\\
\hline
0 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3\\\\
1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 2\\\\
2 & 2 & 1 & 0 & 1\\\\
3 & 3 & 2 & 1 & 0
\end{array}
% 内层第二行表格组结束
\end{array}
- 显示:
$$
% outer vertical array of arrays 外层垂直表格
\begin{array}{c}
% inner horizontal array of arrays 内层水平表格
\begin{array}{cc}
&% inner array of minimum values 内层"最小值"数组 \begin{array}{c|cccc} \text{min} & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3\\\\ \hline 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\\\ 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1\\\\ 2 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 2\\\\ 3 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 \end{array}
\end{array}% inner array of maximum values 内层"最大值"数组 \begin{array}{c|cccc} \text{max}&0&1&2&3\\\\ \hline 0 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3\\\\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 2 & 3\\\\ 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 3\\\\ 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 \end{array}
% 内层第一行表格组结束
\\
% inner array of delta values 内层第二行Delta值数组
\end{array}\begin{array}{c|cccc} \Delta&0&1&2&3\\\\ \hline 0 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3\\\\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 2\\\\ 2 & 2 & 1 & 0 & 1\\\\ 3 & 3 & 2 & 1 & 0 \end{array} % 内层第二行表格组结束
$$
用数组实现带分割符号的矩阵
- 例子:
$$
\left[
\begin{array}{cc|c}
1&2&3\\\\
4&5&6
\end{array}
\right]
$$
- 显示:
$$
\left[
\begin{array}{cc|c}
\end{array}1&2&3\\\\ 4&5&6
\right]
$$
其中 cc|c
代表在一个三列矩阵中的第二和第三列之间插入分割线。
字体
希腊字母
输入 \小写希腊字母英文全称
和 \首字母大写希腊字母英文全称
来分别输入小写和大写希腊字母。
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta
{\displaystyle \mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta }
\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi
{\displaystyle \mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \mathrm {O} \Xi \Pi }
\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega
{\displaystyle \mathrm {P} \Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega }
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta
{\displaystyle \alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta}
\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \omicron \xi \pi
{\displaystyle \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \mathrm {o} \xi \pi }
\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega
{\displaystyle \rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega}
部分字母有变量专用形式,以 \var-
开头。
\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi
{\displaystyle \varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi}
\varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi
{\displaystyle \varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi}
希伯来符号
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth
{\displaystyle \aleph \beth \gimel \daleth}
部分字体的简称
若要对公式的某一部分字符进行字体转换,可以用 {\字体 {需转换的部分字符}}
命令,其中 \字体
部分可以参照下表选择合适的字体。一般情况下,公式默认为意大利体 $italic$ 。
| 输入 | 说明 | 显示 | 输入 | 说明 | 显示 |
| :—: | :—: | :—: | :—: | :—: | :—: ||
| \rm | 罗马体 | $\rm{Sample}$$ | \cal | 花体 | $\cal{SAMPLE}$$ |
| \it | 意大利体 | $\it{Sample}$$ | \Bbb | 黑板粗体 | $\Bbb{SAMPLE}$$ |
| \bf | 粗体 | $\bf{Sample}$$ | \mit | 数学斜体 | $\mit{SAMPLE}$$ |
| \sf | 等线体 | $\sf{Sample}$$ | \scr | 手写体 | $\scr{SAMPLE}$$ |
| \tt | 打字机体 | $\tt{Sample}$$ | \frak | 旧德式字体 | $\frak{Sample}$$ |
所有字体
黑板报粗体
\mathbb{ABCDEFGHI}
{\displaystyle \mathbb {ABCDEFGHI} }
\mathbb{JKLMNOPQR}
{\displaystyle \mathbb {JKLMNOPQR} }
\mathbb{STUVWXYZ}
{\displaystyle \mathbb {STUVWXYZ} }
粗体
\mathbf{ABCDEFGHI}
{\displaystyle \mathbf {ABCDEFGHI} }
\mathbf{JKLMNOPQR}
{\displaystyle \mathbf {JKLMNOPQR} }
\mathbf{STUVWXYZ}
{\displaystyle \mathbf {STUVWXYZ} }
\mathbf{abcdefghijklm}
{\displaystyle \mathbf {abcdefghijklm} }
\mathbf{nopqrstuvwxyz}
{\displaystyle \mathbf {nopqrstuvwxyz} }
\mathbf{0123456789}
{\displaystyle \mathbf {0123456789} }
粗体希腊字母
\boldsymbol{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta }}}
\boldsymbol{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho}
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \Pi \mathrm {P} }}}
\boldsymbol{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega }}}
\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta}
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta}}}
\boldsymbol{\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho}
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \pi \rho}}}
\boldsymbol{\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega}
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega}}}
\boldsymbol{\varepsilon\digamma\varkappa\varpi}
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi}}}
\boldsymbol{\varrho\varsigma\vartheta\varphi}
{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi}}}
斜体(拉丁字母默认)
\mathit{0123456789}
{\displaystyle {\mathit {0123456789}}}
斜体希腊字母(小写字母默认)
\mathit{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}
{\displaystyle {\mathit {\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta }}}
\mathit{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho}
{\displaystyle {\mathit {\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \Pi \mathrm {P} }}}
\mathit{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}
{\displaystyle {\mathit {\Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega }}}
罗马体
\mathrm{ABCDEFGHI}
{\displaystyle \mathrm {ABCDEFGHI} }
\mathrm{JKLMNOPQR}
{\displaystyle \mathrm {JKLMNOPQR} }
\mathrm{STUVWXYZ}
{\displaystyle \mathrm {STUVWXYZ} }
\mathrm{abcdefghijklm}
{\displaystyle \mathrm {abcdefghijklm} }
\mathrm{nopqrstuvwxyz}
{\displaystyle \mathrm {nopqrstuvwxyz} }
\mathrm{0123456789}
{\displaystyle \mathrm {0123456789} }
无衬线体
\mathsf{ABCDEFGHI}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {ABCDEFGHI}}}
\mathsf{JKLMNOPQR}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {JKLMNOPQR}}}
\mathsf{STUVWXYZ}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {STUVWXYZ}}}
\mathsf{abcdefghijklm}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {abcdefghijklm}}}
\mathsf{nopqrstuvwxyz}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {nopqrstuvwxyz}}}
\mathsf{0123456789}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {0123456789}}}
无衬线体希腊字母(仅大写)
\mathsf{\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta }}}
\mathsf{\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \Pi \mathrm {P} }}}
\mathsf{\Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega}
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {\Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega }}}
手写体 / 花体
\mathcal{ABCDEFGHI}
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {ABCDEFGHI}}}
\mathcal{JKLMNOPQR}
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {JKLMNOPQR}}}
\mathcal{STUVWXYZ}
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {STUVWXYZ}}}
Fraktur 体
\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHI}
{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {ABCDEFGHI}}}
\mathfrak{JKLMNOPQR}
{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {JKLMNOPQR}}}
\mathfrak{STUVWXYZ}
{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {STUVWXYZ}}}
\mathfrak{abcdefghijklm}
{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {abcdefghijklm}}}
\mathfrak{nopqrstuvwxyz}
{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {nopqrstuvwxyz}}}
\mathfrak{0123456789}
{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {0123456789}}}
小型手写体
{\scriptstyle\text{abcdefghijklm}}
{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle {\text{abcdefghijklm}}}}
混合字体
特征|语法|渲染效果
斜体字符(忽略空格)
x y z
{\displaystyle xyz}
非斜体字符
\text{x y z}
{\displaystyle {\text{x y z}}}
混合斜体(差)
\text{if} n \text{is even}
{\displaystyle {\text{if}}n{\text{is even}}}
混合斜体(好)
\text{if }n\text{ is even}
{\displaystyle {\text{if }}n{\text{ is even}}}
混合斜体(替代品:~
或者 \
强制空格)
\text{if}~n\ \text{is even}
{\displaystyle {\text{if}}~n\ {\text{is even}}}
注释文本
使用 \text {文字}
来添加注释文本(注释文本不会被识别为公式,不用斜体显示)。\text {文字}
中仍可以使用 $公式$
插入其它公式。
例子:
f(n)= \begin{cases} n/2, & \text {if $n$ is even} \\\\ 3n+1, &\text{if $n$ is odd} \end{cases}
显示:
f(n)= \begin{cases} n/2, & \text {if}\ n\ \text{is even} \\ 3n+1, & \text {if}\ n\ \text{is odd} \end{cases}
括号
()
、[]
和 |
表示符号本身,使用 \{\}
来表示 {}
。
功能|语法|显示
短括号
\frac{1}{2}
{\displaystyle ({\frac {1}{2}})}
长括号
\left(\frac{1}{2} \right
{\displaystyle \left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)}
使用 \left
和 \right
来创建自动匹配高度的 (圆括号),[方括号] 和 {花括号} 。
功能|语法|显示
圆括号,小括号
\left( \frac{a}{b} \right)
{\displaystyle \left({\frac {a}{b}}\right)}
方括号,中括号
\left[ \frac{a}{b} \right]
{\displaystyle \left[{\frac {a}{b}}\right]}
花括号,大括号
\left{ \frac{a}{b} \right}
{\displaystyle \left\{\frac {a}{b}\right\}}
角括号
\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle
{\displaystyle \left\langle {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rangle }
单竖线,绝对值
\left| \frac{a}{b} \right|
{\displaystyle \left| \frac{a}{b} \right|}
双竖线,范
\left \| \frac{a}{b} \right \|
{\displaystyle \left|{\frac {a}{b}}\right|}
取整函数
\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor
{\displaystyle \left\lfloor {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rfloor }
取顶函数
\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil
{\displaystyle \left\lceil {\frac {c}{d}}\right\rceil }
斜线与反斜线
\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash
{\displaystyle \left/{\frac {a}{b}}\right\backslash }
上下箭头
\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow
{\displaystyle \left\uparrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\downarrow }
\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow
{\displaystyle \left\Uparrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\Downarrow }
\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow
{\displaystyle \left\updownarrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\Updownarrow }
混合括号
\left[ 0,1 \right)
{\displaystyle \left[0,1\right)}
\left \langle \psi \right |
$\left \langle \psi \right |$
如果括号只有一边,要用 \left.
或 \right.
匹配另一边。
单左括号
\left \{\frac{a}{b} \right.
{\displaystyle \left{{\frac {a}{b}}\right.}
单右括号
\left. \frac{a}{b} \right \}
{\displaystyle \left.{\frac {a}{b}}\right\}}
备注:
可以使用
\big, \Big, \bigg, \Bigg
控制括号的大小,比如代码\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{ \big \langle \left | \| \frac{a}{b} \| \right | \big \rangle \Big \} \bigg ] \Bigg )
显示︰
$\Big(\Big)$
\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{ \big \langle \left | \| \frac{a}{b} \| \right | \big \rangle \Big \} \bigg ] \Bigg )
空格
注意 TeX 能够自动处理大多数的空格,但是您有时候需要自己来控制。
功能|语法|显示|宽度
2 个 quad 空格
\alpha\qquad\beta
{\displaystyle \alpha \qquad \beta}
{\displaystyle mm}
quad 空格
\alpha\quad\beta
{\displaystyle \alpha \quad \beta}
{\displaystyle m}
大空格
\alpha\ \beta
{\displaystyle \alpha \ \beta}
{\displaystyle {\frac{m}{3}}}
中等空格
\alpha\;\beta
{\displaystyle \alpha ;\beta}
{\displaystyle {\frac {2m}{7}}}
小空格
\alpha\,\beta
{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta}
{\displaystyle {\frac {m}{6}}}
没有空格
\alpha\beta
{\displaystyle \alpha \beta }
{\displaystyle 0}
紧贴
\alpha\!\beta
{\displaystyle \alpha !\beta}
{\displaystyle -{\frac {m}{6}}}
颜色
Cmd Markdown 公式指导手册里是这样写的:
使用 \color{颜色}{文字}
来更改特定的文字颜色。
更改文字颜色 需要浏览器支持 ,如果浏览器不知道你所需的颜色,那么文字将被渲染为黑色。
对于较旧的浏览器(HTML4与CSS2),以下颜色是被支持的:
输入 | 显示 | 输入 | 显示 |
---|---|---|---|
black | $\color{black}{text}$$ | grey | $\color{grey}{text}$$ |
silver | $\color{silver}{text}$$ | white | $\color{white}{text}$$ |
maroon | $\color{maroon}{text}$$ | red | $\color{red}{text}$$ |
yellow | $\color{yellow}{text}$$ | lime | $\color{lime}{text}$$ |
olive | $\color{olive}{text}$$ | green | $\color{green}{text}$$ |
teal | $\color{teal}{text}$$ | auqa | $\color{auqa}{text}$$ |
blue | $\color{blue}{text}$$ | navy | $\color{navy}{text}$$ |
purple | $\color{purple}{text}$$ | fuchsia | $\color{fuchsia}{text}$$ |
对于较新的浏览器(HTML5与CSS3),额外的124种颜色将被支持:
输入 \color {#rgb} {text}
来自定义更多的颜色,其中 #rgb
的 r
g
b
可输入 0-9
和 a-f
来表示红色、绿色和蓝色的纯度(饱和度)。
- 例子:
\begin{array}{|rrrrrrrr|}\hline
\verb+#000+ & \color{#000}{text} & & &
\verb+#00F+ & \color{#00F}{text} & & \\\\
& & \verb+#0F0+ & \color{#0F0}{text} &
& & \verb+#0FF+ & \color{#0FF}{text}\\\\
\verb+#F00+ & \color{#F00}{text} & & &
\verb+#F0F+ & \color{#F0F}{text} & & \\\\
& & \verb+#FF0+ & \color{#FF0}{text} &
& & \verb+#FFF+ & \color{#FFF}{text}\\\\
\hline
\end{array}
显示:
\begin{array}{|rrrrrrrr|}\hline
\verb+#000+ & \color{#000}{text} & & &
\verb+#00F+ & \color{#00F}{text} & & \\
& & \verb+#0F0+ & \color{#0F0}{text} &
& & \verb+#0FF+ & \color{#0FF}{text}\\
\verb+#F00+ & \color{#F00}{text} & & &
\verb+#F0F+ & \color{#F0F}{text} & & \\
& & \verb+#FF0+ & \color{#FF0}{text} &
& & \verb+#FFF+ & \color{#FFF}{text}\\
\hline
\end{array}例子:
\begin{array}{|rrrrrrrr|} \hline \verb+#000+ & \color{#000}{text} & \verb+#005+ & \color{#005}{text} & \verb+#00A+ & \color{#00A}{text} & \verb+#00F+ & \color{#00F}{text} \\\\ \verb+#500+ & \color{#500}{text} & \verb+#505+ & \color{#505}{text} & \verb+#50A+ & \color{#50A}{text} & \verb+#50F+ & \color{#50F}{text} \\\\ \verb+#A00+ & \color{#A00}{text} & \verb+#A05+ & \color{#A05}{text} & \verb+#A0A+ & \color{#A0A}{text} & \verb+#A0F+ & \color{#A0F}{text} \\\\ \verb+#F00+ & \color{#F00}{text} & \verb+#F05+ & \color{#F05}{text} & \verb+#F0A+ & \color{#F0A}{text} & \verb+#F0F+ & \color{#F0F}{text} \\\\ \hline \verb+#080+ & \color{#080}{text} & \verb+#085+ & \color{#085}{text} & \verb+#08A+ & \color{#08A}{text} & \verb+#08F+ & \color{#08F}{text} \\\\ \verb+#580+ & \color{#580}{text} & \verb+#585+ & \color{#585}{text} & \verb+#58A+ & \color{#58A}{text} & \verb+#58F+ & \color{#58F}{text} \\\\ \verb+#A80+ & \color{#A80}{text} & \verb+#A85+ & \color{#A85}{text} & \verb+#A8A+ & \color{#A8A}{text} & \verb+#A8F+ & \color{#A8F}{text} \\\\ \verb+#F80+ & \color{#F80}{text} & \verb+#F85+ & \color{#F85}{text} & \verb+#F8A+ & \color{#F8A}{text} & \verb+#F8F+ & \color{#F8F}{text} \\\\ \hline \verb+#0F0+ & \color{#0F0}{text} & \verb+#0F5+ & \color{#0F5}{text} & \verb+#0FA+ & \color{#0FA}{text} & \verb+#0FF+ & \color{#0FF}{text} \\\\ \verb+#5F0+ & \color{#5F0}{text} & \verb+#5F5+ & \color{#5F5}{text} & \verb+#5FA+ & \color{#5FA}{text} & \verb+#5FF+ & \color{#5FF}{text} \\\\ \verb+#AF0+ & \color{#AF0}{text} & \verb+#AF5+ & \color{#AF5}{text} & \verb+#AFA+ & \color{#AFA}{text} & \verb+#AFF+ & \color{#AFF}{text} \\\\ \verb+#FF0+ & \color{#FF0}{text} & \verb+#FF5+ & \color{#FF5}{text} & \verb+#FFA+ & \color{#FFA}{text} & \verb+#FFF+ & \color{#FFF}{text} \\\\ \hline \end{array}
显示:
\begin{array}{|rrrrrrrr|}
\hline
\verb+#000+ & \color{#000}{text} & \verb+#005+ & \color{#005}{text} & \verb+#00A+ & \color{#00A}{text} & \verb+#00F+ & \color{#00F}{text} \\
\verb+#500+ & \color{#500}{text} & \verb+#505+ & \color{#505}{text} & \verb+#50A+ & \color{#50A}{text} & \verb+#50F+ & \color{#50F}{text} \\
\verb+#A00+ & \color{#A00}{text} & \verb+#A05+ & \color{#A05}{text} & \verb+#A0A+ & \color{#A0A}{text} & \verb+#A0F+ & \color{#A0F}{text} \\
\verb+#F00+ & \color{#F00}{text} & \verb+#F05+ & \color{#F05}{text} & \verb+#F0A+ & \color{#F0A}{text} & \verb+#F0F+ & \color{#F0F}{text} \\
\hline
\verb+#080+ & \color{#080}{text} & \verb+#085+ & \color{#085}{text} & \verb+#08A+ & \color{#08A}{text} & \verb+#08F+ & \color{#08F}{text} \\
\verb+#580+ & \color{#580}{text} & \verb+#585+ & \color{#585}{text} & \verb+#58A+ & \color{#58A}{text} & \verb+#58F+ & \color{#58F}{text} \\
\verb+#A80+ & \color{#A80}{text} & \verb+#A85+ & \color{#A85}{text} & \verb+#A8A+ & \color{#A8A}{text} & \verb+#A8F+ & \color{#A8F}{text} \\
\verb+#F80+ & \color{#F80}{text} & \verb+#F85+ & \color{#F85}{text} & \verb+#F8A+ & \color{#F8A}{text} & \verb+#F8F+ & \color{#F8F}{text} \\
\hline
\verb+#0F0+ & \color{#0F0}{text} & \verb+#0F5+ & \color{#0F5}{text} & \verb+#0FA+ & \color{#0FA}{text} & \verb+#0FF+ & \color{#0FF}{text} \\
\verb+#5F0+ & \color{#5F0}{text} & \verb+#5F5+ & \color{#5F5}{text} & \verb+#5FA+ & \color{#5FA}{text} & \verb+#5FF+ & \color{#5FF}{text} \\
\verb+#AF0+ & \color{#AF0}{text} & \verb+#AF5+ & \color{#AF5}{text} & \verb+#AFA+ & \color{#AFA}{text} & \verb+#AFF+ & \color{#AFF}{text} \\
\verb+#FF0+ & \color{#FF0}{text} & \verb+#FF5+ & \color{#FF5}{text} & \verb+#FFA+ & \color{#FFA}{text} & \verb+#FFF+ & \color{#FFF}{text} \\
\hline
\end{array}
维基百科的数学公式教程里是这样写的:
语法:{\color{颜色}表达式}
作者实测:在部分浏览器中,上面的语法可能是错误的(只将表达式的第一个字符着色),\color{颜色}{文字}
的语法才是正确的。例如:
{\color{Red}abc}
显示{\color{Red}abc}\color{Red}{abc}
显示$\color{Red}{abc}$$
支持色调表:
{\displaystyle \color {Apricot}{\text{Apricot}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Aquamarine}{\text{Aquamarine}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Bittersweet}{\text{Bittersweet}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Black}{\text{Black}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Blue}{\text{Blue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {BlueGreen}{\text{BlueGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {BlueViolet}{\text{BlueViolet}}}
{\displaystyle \color {BrickRed}{\text{BrickRed}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Brown}{\text{Brown}}}
{\displaystyle \color {BurntOrange}{\text{BurntOrange}}}
{\displaystyle \color {CadetBlue}{\text{CadetBlue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {CarnationPink}{\text{CarnationPink}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Cerulean}{\text{Cerulean}}}
{\displaystyle \color {CornflowerBlue}{\text{CornflowerBlue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Cyan}{\text{Cyan}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Dandelion}{\text{Dandelion}}}
{\displaystyle \color {DarkOrchid}{\text{DarkOrchid}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Emerald}{\text{Emerald}}}
{\displaystyle \color {ForestGreen}{\text{ForestGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Fuchsia}{\text{Fuchsia}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Goldenrod}{\text{Goldenrod}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Gray}{\text{Gray}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Green}{\text{Green}}}
{\displaystyle \color {GreenYellow}{\text{GreenYellow}}}
{\displaystyle \color {JungleGreen}{\text{JungleGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Lavender}{\text{Lavender}}}
{\displaystyle \color {LimeGreen}{\text{LimeGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Magenta}{\text{Magenta}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Mahogany}{\text{Mahogany}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Maroon}{\text{Maroon}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Melon}{\text{Melon}}}
{\displaystyle \color {MidnightBlue}{\text{MidnightBlue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Mulberry}{\text{Mulberry}}}
{\displaystyle \color {NavyBlue}{\text{NavyBlue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {OliveGreen}{\text{OliveGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Orange}{\text{Orange}}}
{\displaystyle \color {OrangeRed}{\text{OrangeRed}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Orchid}{\text{Orchid}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Peach}{\text{Peach}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Periwinkle}{\text{Periwinkle}}}
{\displaystyle \color {PineGreen}{\text{PineGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Plum}{\text{Plum}}}
{\displaystyle \color {ProcessBlue}{\text{ProcessBlue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Purple}{\text{Purple}}}
{\displaystyle \color {RawSienna}{\text{RawSienna}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Red}{\text{Red}}}
{\displaystyle \color {RedOrange}{\text{RedOrange}}}
{\displaystyle \color {RedViolet}{\text{RedViolet}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Rhodamine}{\text{Rhodamine}}}
{\displaystyle \color {RoyalBlue}{\text{RoyalBlue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {RoyalPurple}{\text{RoyalPurple}}}
{\displaystyle \color {RubineRed}{\text{RubineRed}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Salmon}{\text{Salmon}}}
{\displaystyle \color {SeaGreen}{\text{SeaGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Sepia}{\text{Sepia}}}
{\displaystyle \color {SkyBlue}{\text{SkyBlue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {SpringGreen}{\text{SpringGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Tan}{\text{Tan}}}
{\displaystyle \color {TealBlue}{\text{TealBlue}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Thistle}{\text{Thistle}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Turquoise}{\text{Turquoise}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Violet}{\text{Violet}}}
{\displaystyle \color {VioletRed}{\text{VioletRed}}}
{\displaystyle \color {White}{\text{White}}}
{\displaystyle \color {WildStrawberry}{\text{WildStrawberry}}}
{\displaystyle \color {Yellow}{\text{Yellow}}}
{\displaystyle \color {YellowGreen}{\text{YellowGreen}}}
{\displaystyle \color {YellowOrange}{\text{YellowOrange}}}
*注︰输入时第一个字母必需以大写输入,如\color{OliveGreen}
。
例子
{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x} - {\color{OliveGreen}1}
{\displaystyle {\color {Blue}x^{2}}+{\color {Brown}2x}-{\color {OliveGreen}1}}
x_{\color{Maroon}1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{{\color{Maroon}b^2-4ac}}}{2a}
{\displaystyle x_{\color {Maroon}1,2}={\frac {-b\pm {\sqrt {\color {Maroon}b^{2}-4ac}}}{2a}}}
外部链接
一个介绍 $\TeX$ 的 PDF 文档(英文): www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/gentl...
手画符号搜索 $\LaTeX$ 代码: detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html
本作品采用《CC 协议》,转载必须注明作者和本文链接