路由#

基本路由
路由参数
路由命名
路由组
路由模型绑定
回退路由
速率限制
- 定义速率限制器
- 将速率限制器附加到路由
伪造表单方法
访问当前路由
跨域资源共享（CORS）
路由缓存

基本路由#

最基本的 Laravel 路由接受一个 URI 和一个闭包，提供了一种非常简单且富有表现力的方法来定义路由和行为，而无需复杂的路由配置文件：

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

Route::get('/greeting', function () {
    return 'Hello World';
});

默认路由文件#

所有 Laravel 路由都在您的路由文件中定义，这些文件位于 routes 目录中。这些文件由 Laravel 自动加载，使用在应用程序的 bootstrap/app.php 文件中指定的配置。 routes/web.php 文件定义了用于 Web 界面的路由。这些路由被分配到 web 中间件组，提供会话状态和 CSRF 保护等功能。

carveybunt 翻译于

由 Trace92 审阅

对于大多数应用程序，你将首先在 routes/web.php 文件中定义路由。在 routes/web.php 中定义的路由可以通过在浏览器中输入定义的路由的 URL 来访问。例如，你可以通过在浏览器中导航到 http://example.com/user 来访问以下路由：

use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;

Route::get('/user', [UserController::class, 'index']);

API Routes#

如果你的应用程序还将提供无状态 API，你可以使用 install:api Artisan 命令启用 API 路由：

php artisan install:api

install:api 命令安装了 Laravel Sanctum，它提供了一个强大而简单的 API 令牌认证守卫，可用于对第三方 API 使用者、SPAs 或移动应用程序进行身份验证。此外，install:api 命令创建了 routes/api.php 文件:

Route::get('/user', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user();
})->middleware('auth:sanctum');

routes/api.php 中的路由是无状态的，并分配给 api 中间件组。此外，/api URI 前缀会自动应用于这些路由，因此你无需手动将其应用于文件中的每个路由。你可以通过修改应用程序的 bootstrap/app.php 文件来更改前缀：

->withRouting(
    api: __DIR__.'/../routes/api.php',
    apiPrefix: 'api/admin',
    // ...
)

可用的路由器方法#

路由允许你注册响应任何 HTTP 请求的路由：

Route::get($uri, $callback);
Route::post($uri, $callback);
Route::put($uri, $callback);
Route::patch($uri, $callback);
Route::delete($uri, $callback);
Route::options($uri, $callback);

dkp 翻译于

Sometimes you may need to register a route that responds to multiple HTTP verbs. You may do so using the match method. Or, you may even register a route that responds to all HTTP verbs using the any method:

Route::match(['get', 'post'], '/', function () {
    // ...
});

Route::any('/', function () {
    // ...
});

[!NOTE]
When defining multiple routes that share the same URI, routes using the get, post, put, patch, delete, and options methods should be defined before routes using the any, match, and redirect methods. This ensures the incoming request is matched with the correct route.

Dependency Injection#

You may type-hint any dependencies required by your route in your route's callback signature. The declared dependencies will automatically be resolved and injected into the callback by the Laravel service container. For example, you may type-hint the Illuminate\Http\Request class to have the current HTTP request automatically injected into your route callback:

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

Route::get('/users', function (Request $request) {
    // ...
});

CSRF Protection#

Remember, any HTML forms pointing to POST, PUT, PATCH, or DELETE routes that are defined in the web routes file should include a CSRF token field. Otherwise, the request will be rejected. You can read more about CSRF protection in the CSRF documentation:

<form method="POST" action="/profile">
    @csrf
    ...
</form>

Redirect Routes#

If you are defining a route that redirects to another URI, you may use the Route::redirect method. This method provides a convenient shortcut so that you do not have to define a full route or controller for performing a simple redirect:

Route::redirect('/here', '/there');

By default, Route::redirect returns a 302 status code. You may customize the status code using the optional third parameter:

Route::redirect('/here', '/there', 301);

Or, you may use the Route::permanentRedirect method to return a 301 status code:

Route::permanentRedirect('/here', '/there');

[!WARNING]
When using route parameters in redirect routes, the following parameters are reserved by Laravel and cannot be used: destination and status.

View Routes#

If your route only needs to return a view, you may use the Route::view method. Like the redirect method, this method provides a simple shortcut so that you do not have to define a full route or controller. The view method accepts a URI as its first argument and a view name as its second argument. In addition, you may provide an array of data to pass to the view as an optional third argument:

Route::view('/welcome', 'welcome');

Route::view('/welcome', 'welcome', ['name' => 'Taylor']);

[!WARNING]
When using route parameters in view routes, the following parameters are reserved by Laravel and cannot be used: view, data, status, and headers.

Listing Your Routes#

The route:list Artisan command can easily provide an overview of all of the routes that are defined by your application:

php artisan route:list

By default, the route middleware that are assigned to each route will not be displayed in the route:list output; however, you can instruct Laravel to display the route middleware and middleware group names by adding the -v option to the command:

php artisan route:list -v

# Expand middleware groups...
php artisan route:list -vv

You may also instruct Laravel to only show routes that begin with a given URI:

php artisan route:list --path=api

In addition, you may instruct Laravel to hide any routes that are defined by third-party packages by providing the --except-vendor option when executing the route:list command:

php artisan route:list --except-vendor

Likewise, you may also instruct Laravel to only show routes that are defined by third-party packages by providing the --only-vendor option when executing the route:list command:

php artisan route:list --only-vendor

Routing Customization#

By default, your application's routes are configured and loaded by the bootstrap/app.php file:

<?php

use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;

return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
    ->withRouting(
        web: __DIR__.'/../routes/web.php',
        commands: __DIR__.'/../routes/console.php',
        health: '/up',
    )->create();

However, sometimes you may want to define an entirely new file to contain a subset of your application's routes. To accomplish this, you may provide a then closure to the withRouting method. Within this closure, you may register any additional routes that are necessary for your application:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

->withRouting(
    web: __DIR__.'/../routes/web.php',
    commands: __DIR__.'/../routes/console.php',
    health: '/up',
    then: function () {
        Route::middleware('api')
            ->prefix('webhooks')
            ->name('webhooks.')
            ->group(base_path('routes/webhooks.php'));
    },
)

Or, you may even take complete control over route registration by providing a using closure to the withRouting method. When this argument is passed, no HTTP routes will be registered by the framework and you are responsible for manually registering all routes:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

->withRouting(
    commands: __DIR__.'/../routes/console.php',
    using: function () {
        Route::middleware('api')
            ->prefix('api')
            ->group(base_path('routes/api.php'));

        Route::middleware('web')
            ->group(base_path('routes/web.php'));
    },
)

Route Parameters#

Required Parameters#

Sometimes you will need to capture segments of the URI within your route. For example, you may need to capture a user's ID from the URL. You may do so by defining route parameters:

Route::get('/user/{id}', function (string $id) {
    return 'User '.$id;
});

You may define as many route parameters as required by your route:

Route::get('/posts/{post}/comments/{comment}', function (string $postId, string $commentId) {
    // ...
});

Route parameters are always encased within {} braces and should consist of alphabetic characters. Underscores (_) are also acceptable within route parameter names. Route parameters are injected into route callbacks / controllers based on their order - the names of the route callback / controller arguments do not matter.

Parameters and Dependency Injection#

If your route has dependencies that you would like the Laravel service container to automatically inject into your route's callback, you should list your route parameters after your dependencies:

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

Route::get('/user/{id}', function (Request $request, string $id) {
    return 'User '.$id;
});

Optional Parameters#

Occasionally you may need to specify a route parameter that may not always be present in the URI. You may do so by placing a ? mark after the parameter name. Make sure to give the route's corresponding variable a default value:

Route::get('/user/{name?}', function (?string $name = null) {
    return $name;
});

Route::get('/user/{name?}', function (?string $name = 'John') {
    return $name;
});

Regular Expression Constraints#

You may constrain the format of your route parameters using the where method on a route instance. The where method accepts the name of the parameter and a regular expression defining how the parameter should be constrained:

Route::get('/user/{name}', function (string $name) {
    // ...
})->where('name', '[A-Za-z]+');

Route::get('/user/{id}', function (string $id) {
    // ...
})->where('id', '[0-9]+');

Route::get('/user/{id}/{name}', function (string $id, string $name) {
    // ...
})->where(['id' => '[0-9]+', 'name' => '[a-z]+']);

For convenience, some commonly used regular expression patterns have helper methods that allow you to quickly add pattern constraints to your routes:

Route::get('/user/{id}/{name}', function (string $id, string $name) {
    // ...
})->whereNumber('id')->whereAlpha('name');

Route::get('/user/{name}', function (string $name) {
    // ...
})->whereAlphaNumeric('name');

Route::get('/user/{id}', function (string $id) {
    // ...
})->whereUuid('id');

Route::get('/user/{id}', function (string $id) {
    // ...
})->whereUlid('id');

Route::get('/category/{category}', function (string $category) {
    // ...
})->whereIn('category', ['movie', 'song', 'painting']);

Route::get('/category/{category}', function (string $category) {
    // ...
})->whereIn('category', CategoryEnum::cases());

If the incoming request does not match the route pattern constraints, a 404 HTTP response will be returned.

Global Constraints#

If you would like a route parameter to always be constrained by a given regular expression, you may use the pattern method. You should define these patterns in the boot method of your application's App\Providers\AppServiceProvider class:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Route::pattern('id', '[0-9]+');
}

Once the pattern has been defined, it is automatically applied to all routes using that parameter name:

Route::get('/user/{id}', function (string $id) {
    // Only executed if {id} is numeric...
});

Encoded Forward Slashes#

The Laravel routing component allows all characters except / to be present within route parameter values. You must explicitly allow / to be part of your placeholder using a where condition regular expression:

Route::get('/search/{search}', function (string $search) {
    return $search;
})->where('search', '.*');

[!WARNING]
Encoded forward slashes are only supported within the last route segment.

Named Routes#

Named routes allow the convenient generation of URLs or redirects for specific routes. You may specify a name for a route by chaining the name method onto the route definition:

Route::get('/user/profile', function () {
    // ...
})->name('profile');

You may also specify route names for controller actions:

Route::get(
    '/user/profile',
    [UserProfileController::class, 'show']
)->name('profile');

[!WARNING]
Route names should always be unique.

Generating URLs to Named Routes#

Once you have assigned a name to a given route, you may use the route's name when generating URLs or redirects via Laravel's route and redirect helper functions:

// Generating URLs...
$url = route('profile');

// Generating Redirects...
return redirect()->route('profile');

return to_route('profile');

If the named route defines parameters, you may pass the parameters as the second argument to the route function. The given parameters will automatically be inserted into the generated URL in their correct positions:

Route::get('/user/{id}/profile', function (string $id) {
    // ...
})->name('profile');

$url = route('profile', ['id' => 1]);

If you pass additional parameters in the array, those key / value pairs will automatically be added to the generated URL's query string:

Route::get('/user/{id}/profile', function (string $id) {
    // ...
})->name('profile');

$url = route('profile', ['id' => 1, 'photos' => 'yes']);

// /user/1/profile?photos=yes

[!NOTE]
Sometimes, you may wish to specify request-wide default values for URL parameters, such as the current locale. To accomplish this, you may use the URL::defaults method.

Inspecting the Current Route#

If you would like to determine if the current request was routed to a given named route, you may use the named method on a Route instance. For example, you may check the current route name from a route middleware:

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

/**
 * Handle an incoming request.
 *
 * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response)  $next
 */
public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
{
    if ($request->route()->named('profile')) {
        // ...
    }

    return $next($request);
}

Route Groups#

Route groups allow you to share route attributes, such as middleware, across a large number of routes without needing to define those attributes on each individual route.

Nested groups attempt to intelligently "merge" attributes with their parent group. Middleware and where conditions are merged while names and prefixes are appended. Namespace delimiters and slashes in URI prefixes are automatically added where appropriate.

Middleware#

To assign middleware to all routes within a group, you may use the middleware method before defining the group. Middleware are executed in the order they are listed in the array:

Route::middleware(['first', 'second'])->group(function () {
    Route::get('/', function () {
        // Uses first & second middleware...
    });

    Route::get('/user/profile', function () {
        // Uses first & second middleware...
    });
});

Controllers#

If a group of routes all utilize the same controller, you may use the controller method to define the common controller for all of the routes within the group. Then, when defining the routes, you only need to provide the controller method that they invoke:

use App\Http\Controllers\OrderController;

Route::controller(OrderController::class)->group(function () {
    Route::get('/orders/{id}', 'show');
    Route::post('/orders', 'store');
});

Subdomain Routing#

Route groups may also be used to handle subdomain routing. Subdomains may be assigned route parameters just like route URIs, allowing you to capture a portion of the subdomain for usage in your route or controller. The subdomain may be specified by calling the domain method before defining the group:

Route::domain('{account}.example.com')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/user/{id}', function (string $account, string $id) {
        // ...
    });
});

[!WARNING]
In order to ensure your subdomain routes are reachable, you should register subdomain routes before registering root domain routes. This will prevent root domain routes from overwriting subdomain routes which have the same URI path.

Route Prefixes#

The prefix method may be used to prefix each route in the group with a given URI. For example, you may want to prefix all route URIs within the group with admin:

Route::prefix('admin')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/users', function () {
        // Matches The "/admin/users" URL
    });
});

Route Name Prefixes#

The name method may be used to prefix each route name in the group with a given string. For example, you may want to prefix the names of all of the routes in the group with admin. The given string is prefixed to the route name exactly as it is specified, so we will be sure to provide the trailing . character in the prefix:

Route::name('admin.')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/users', function () {
        // Route assigned name "admin.users"...
    })->name('users');
});

Route Model Binding#

When injecting a model ID to a route or controller action, you will often query the database to retrieve the model that corresponds to that ID. Laravel route model binding provides a convenient way to automatically inject the model instances directly into your routes. For example, instead of injecting a user's ID, you can inject the entire User model instance that matches the given ID.

Implicit Binding#

Laravel automatically resolves Eloquent models defined in routes or controller actions whose type-hinted variable names match a route segment name. For example:

use App\Models\User;

Route::get('/users/{user}', function (User $user) {
    return $user->email;
});

Since the $user variable is type-hinted as the App\Models\User Eloquent model and the variable name matches the {user} URI segment, Laravel will automatically inject the model instance that has an ID matching the corresponding value from the request URI. If a matching model instance is not found in the database, a 404 HTTP response will automatically be generated.

Of course, implicit binding is also possible when using controller methods. Again, note the {user} URI segment matches the $user variable in the controller which contains an App\Models\User type-hint:

use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
use App\Models\User;

// Route definition...
Route::get('/users/{user}', [UserController::class, 'show']);

// Controller method definition...
public function show(User $user)
{
    return view('user.profile', ['user' => $user]);
}

Soft Deleted Models#

Typically, implicit model binding will not retrieve models that have been soft deleted. However, you may instruct the implicit binding to retrieve these models by chaining the withTrashed method onto your route's definition:

use App\Models\User;

Route::get('/users/{user}', function (User $user) {
    return $user->email;
})->withTrashed();

Customizing the Key#

Sometimes you may wish to resolve Eloquent models using a column other than id. To do so, you may specify the column in the route parameter definition:

use App\Models\Post;

Route::get('/posts/{post:slug}', function (Post $post) {
    return $post;
});

If you would like model binding to always use a database column other than id when retrieving a given model class, you may override the getRouteKeyName method on the Eloquent model:

/**
 * Get the route key for the model.
 */
public function getRouteKeyName(): string
{
    return 'slug';
}

Custom Keys and Scoping#

When implicitly binding multiple Eloquent models in a single route definition, you may wish to scope the second Eloquent model such that it must be a child of the previous Eloquent model. For example, consider this route definition that retrieves a blog post by slug for a specific user:

use App\Models\Post;
use App\Models\User;

Route::get('/users/{user}/posts/{post:slug}', function (User $user, Post $post) {
    return $post;
});

When using a custom keyed implicit binding as a nested route parameter, Laravel will automatically scope the query to retrieve the nested model by its parent using conventions to guess the relationship name on the parent. In this case, it will be assumed that the User model has a relationship named posts (the plural form of the route parameter name) which can be used to retrieve the Post model.

If you wish, you may instruct Laravel to scope "child" bindings even when a custom key is not provided. To do so, you may invoke the scopeBindings method when defining your route:

use App\Models\Post;
use App\Models\User;

Route::get('/users/{user}/posts/{post}', function (User $user, Post $post) {
    return $post;
})->scopeBindings();

Or, you may instruct an entire group of route definitions to use scoped bindings:

Route::scopeBindings()->group(function () {
    Route::get('/users/{user}/posts/{post}', function (User $user, Post $post) {
        return $post;
    });
});

Similarly, you may explicitly instruct Laravel to not scope bindings by invoking the withoutScopedBindings method:

Route::get('/users/{user}/posts/{post:slug}', function (User $user, Post $post) {
    return $post;
})->withoutScopedBindings();

Customizing Missing Model Behavior#

Typically, a 404 HTTP response will be generated if an implicitly bound model is not found. However, you may customize this behavior by calling the missing method when defining your route. The missing method accepts a closure that will be invoked if an implicitly bound model cannot be found:

use App\Http\Controllers\LocationsController;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect;

Route::get('/locations/{location:slug}', [LocationsController::class, 'show'])
    ->name('locations.view')
    ->missing(function (Request $request) {
        return Redirect::route('locations.index');
    });

Implicit Enum Binding#

PHP 8.1 introduced support for Enums. To complement this feature, Laravel allows you to type-hint a string-backed Enum on your route definition and Laravel will only invoke the route if that route segment corresponds to a valid Enum value. Otherwise, a 404 HTTP response will be returned automatically. For example, given the following Enum:

<?php

namespace App\Enums;

enum Category: string
{
    case Fruits = 'fruits';
    case People = 'people';
}

You may define a route that will only be invoked if the {category} route segment is fruits or people. Otherwise, Laravel will return a 404 HTTP response:

use App\Enums\Category;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

Route::get('/categories/{category}', function (Category $category) {
    return $category->value;
});

Explicit Binding#

You are not required to use Laravel's implicit, convention based model resolution in order to use model binding. You can also explicitly define how route parameters correspond to models. To register an explicit binding, use the router's model method to specify the class for a given parameter. You should define your explicit model bindings at the beginning of the boot method of your AppServiceProvider class:

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Route::model('user', User::class);
}

Next, define a route that contains a {user} parameter:

use App\Models\User;

Route::get('/users/{user}', function (User $user) {
    // ...
});

Since we have bound all {user} parameters to the App\Models\User model, an instance of that class will be injected into the route. So, for example, a request to users/1 will inject the User instance from the database which has an ID of 1.

If a matching model instance is not found in the database, a 404 HTTP response will be automatically generated.

Customizing the Resolution Logic#

If you wish to define your own model binding resolution logic, you may use the Route::bind method. The closure you pass to the bind method will receive the value of the URI segment and should return the instance of the class that should be injected into the route. Again, this customization should take place in the boot method of your application's AppServiceProvider:

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Route::bind('user', function (string $value) {
        return User::where('name', $value)->firstOrFail();
    });
}

Alternatively, you may override the resolveRouteBinding method on your Eloquent model. This method will receive the value of the URI segment and should return the instance of the class that should be injected into the route:

/**
 * Retrieve the model for a bound value.
 *
 * @param  mixed  $value
 * @param  string|null  $field
 * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|null
 */
public function resolveRouteBinding($value, $field = null)
{
    return $this->where('name', $value)->firstOrFail();
}

If a route is utilizing implicit binding scoping, the resolveChildRouteBinding method will be used to resolve the child binding of the parent model:

/**
 * Retrieve the child model for a bound value.
 *
 * @param  string  $childType
 * @param  mixed  $value
 * @param  string|null  $field
 * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|null
 */
public function resolveChildRouteBinding($childType, $value, $field)
{
    return parent::resolveChildRouteBinding($childType, $value, $field);
}

Fallback Routes#

Using the Route::fallback method, you may define a route that will be executed when no other route matches the incoming request. Typically, unhandled requests will automatically render a "404" page via your application's exception handler. However, since you would typically define the fallback route within your routes/web.php file, all middleware in the web middleware group will apply to the route. You are free to add additional middleware to this route as needed:

Route::fallback(function () {
    // ...
});

Rate Limiting#

Defining Rate Limiters#

Laravel includes powerful and customizable rate limiting services that you may utilize to restrict the amount of traffic for a given route or group of routes. To get started, you should define rate limiter configurations that meet your application's needs.

Rate limiters may be defined within the boot method of your application's App\Providers\AppServiceProvider class:

use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
protected function boot(): void
{
    RateLimiter::for('api', function (Request $request) {
        return Limit::perMinute(60)->by($request->user()?->id ?: $request->ip());
    });
}

Rate limiters are defined using the RateLimiter facade's for method. The for method accepts a rate limiter name and a closure that returns the limit configuration that should apply to routes that are assigned to the rate limiter. Limit configuration are instances of the Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit class. This class contains helpful "builder" methods so that you can quickly define your limit. The rate limiter name may be any string you wish:

use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
protected function boot(): void
{
    RateLimiter::for('global', function (Request $request) {
        return Limit::perMinute(1000);
    });
}

If the incoming request exceeds the specified rate limit, a response with a 429 HTTP status code will automatically be returned by Laravel. If you would like to define your own response that should be returned by a rate limit, you may use the response method:

RateLimiter::for('global', function (Request $request) {
    return Limit::perMinute(1000)->response(function (Request $request, array $headers) {
        return response('Custom response...', 429, $headers);
    });
});

Since rate limiter callbacks receive the incoming HTTP request instance, you may build the appropriate rate limit dynamically based on the incoming request or authenticated user:

RateLimiter::for('uploads', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user()->vipCustomer()
        ? Limit::none()
        : Limit::perMinute(100);
});

Segmenting Rate Limits#

Sometimes you may wish to segment rate limits by some arbitrary value. For example, you may wish to allow users to access a given route 100 times per minute per IP address. To accomplish this, you may use the by method when building your rate limit:

RateLimiter::for('uploads', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user()->vipCustomer()
        ? Limit::none()
        : Limit::perMinute(100)->by($request->ip());
});

To illustrate this feature using another example, we can limit access to the route to 100 times per minute per authenticated user ID or 10 times per minute per IP address for guests:

RateLimiter::for('uploads', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user()
        ? Limit::perMinute(100)->by($request->user()->id)
        : Limit::perMinute(10)->by($request->ip());
});

Multiple Rate Limits#

If needed, you may return an array of rate limits for a given rate limiter configuration. Each rate limit will be evaluated for the route based on the order they are placed within the array:

RateLimiter::for('login', function (Request $request) {
    return [
        Limit::perMinute(500),
        Limit::perMinute(3)->by($request->input('email')),
    ];
});

If you're assigning multiple rate limits segmented by identical by values, you should ensure that each by value is unique. The easiest way to achieve this is to prefix the values given to the by method:

RateLimiter::for('uploads', function (Request $request) {
    return [
        Limit::perMinute(10)->by('minute:'.$request->user()->id),
        Limit::perDay(1000)->by('day:'.$request->user()->id),
    ];
});

Attaching Rate Limiters to Routes#

Rate limiters may be attached to routes or route groups using the throttle middleware. The throttle middleware accepts the name of the rate limiter you wish to assign to the route:

Route::middleware(['throttle:uploads'])->group(function () {
    Route::post('/audio', function () {
        // ...
    });

    Route::post('/video', function () {
        // ...
    });
});

Throttling With Redis#

By default, the throttle middleware is mapped to the Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests class. However, if you are using Redis as your application's cache driver, you may wish to instruct Laravel to use Redis to manage rate limiting. To do so, you should use the throttleWithRedis method in your application's bootstrap/app.php file. This method maps the throttle middleware to the Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequestsWithRedis middleware class:

->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
    $middleware->throttleWithRedis();
    // ...
})

Form Method Spoofing#

HTML forms do not support PUT, PATCH, or DELETE actions. So, when defining PUT, PATCH, or DELETE routes that are called from an HTML form, you will need to add a hidden _method field to the form. The value sent with the _method field will be used as the HTTP request method:

<form action="/example" method="POST">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
    <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">
</form>

For convenience, you may use the @method Blade directive to generate the _method input field:

<form action="/example" method="POST">
    @method('PUT')
    @csrf
</form>

Accessing the Current Route#

You may use the current, currentRouteName, and currentRouteAction methods on the Route facade to access information about the route handling the incoming request:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

$route = Route::current(); // Illuminate\Routing\Route
$name = Route::currentRouteName(); // string
$action = Route::currentRouteAction(); // string

You may refer to the API documentation for both the underlying class of the Route facade and Route instance to review all of the methods that are available on the router and route classes.

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)#

Laravel can automatically respond to CORS OPTIONS HTTP requests with values that you configure. The OPTIONS requests will automatically be handled by the HandleCors middleware that is automatically included in your application's global middleware stack.

Sometimes, you may need to customize the CORS configuration values for your application. You may do so by publishing the cors configuration file using the config:publish Artisan command:

php artisan config:publish cors

This command will place a cors.php configuration file within your application's config directory.

[!NOTE]
For more information on CORS and CORS headers, please consult the MDN web documentation on CORS.

Route Caching#

When deploying your application to production, you should take advantage of Laravel's route cache. Using the route cache will drastically decrease the amount of time it takes to register all of your application's routes. To generate a route cache, execute the route:cache Artisan command:

php artisan route:cache

After running this command, your cached routes file will be loaded on every request. Remember, if you add any new routes you will need to generate a fresh route cache. Because of this, you should only run the route:cache command during your project's deployment.

You may use the route:clear command to clear the route cache:

php artisan route:clear

路由 12.x 12.x 11.x 10.x 9.x 8.5 8.x 7.x 6.x 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1

路由#