Logging

• Introduction
• Configuration
  • Available Channel Drivers
  • Channel Prerequisites
  • Logging Deprecation Warnings
• Building Log Stacks
• Writing Log Messages
  • Contextual Information
  • Writing to Specific Channels
• Monolog Channel Customization
  • Customizing Monolog for Channels
  • Creating Monolog Handler Channels
  • Creating Custom Channels via Factories
• Tailing Log Messages Using Pail
  • Installation
  • Usage
  • Filtering Logs

Introduction

To help you learn more about what's happening within your application, Laravel provides robust logging services that allow you to log messages to files, the system error log, and even to Slack to notify your entire team.

Laravel logging is based on "channels". Each channel represents a specific way of writing log information. For example, the single channel writes log files to a single log file, while the slack channel sends log messages to Slack. Log messages may be written to multiple channels based on their severity.

Under the hood, Laravel utilizes the Monolog library, which provides support for a variety of powerful log handlers. Laravel makes it a cinch to configure these handlers, allowing you to mix and match them to customize your application's log handling.

Configuration

All of the configuration options that control your application's logging behavior are housed in the config/logging.php configuration file. This file allows you to configure your application's log channels, so be sure to review each of the available channels and their options. We'll review a few common options below.

By default, Laravel will use the stack channel when logging messages. The stack channel is used to aggregate multiple log channels into a single channel. For more information on building stacks, check out the documentation below.

Available Channel Drivers

Each log channel is powered by a "driver". The driver determines how and where the log message is actually recorded. The following log channel drivers are available in every Laravel application. An entry for most of these drivers is already present in your application's config/logging.php configuration file, so be sure to review this file to become familiar with its contents:

[!NOTE]
Check out the documentation on advanced channel customization to learn more about the monolog and custom drivers.

Configuring the Channel Name

By default, Monolog is instantiated with a "channel name" that matches the current environment, such as production or local. To change this value, you may add a name option to your channel's configuration:

'stack' => [
    'driver' => 'stack',
    'name' => 'channel-name',
    'channels' => ['single', 'slack'],
],

Channel Prerequisites

Configuring the Single and Daily Channels

The single and daily channels have three optional configuration options: bubble, permission, and locking.

Additionally, the retention policy for the daily channel can be configured via the LOG_DAILY_DAYS environment variable or by setting the days configuration option.

Configuring the Papertrail Channel

The papertrail channel requires host and port configuration options. These may be defined via the PAPERTRAIL_URL and PAPERTRAIL_PORT environment variables. You can obtain these values from Papertrail.

Configuring the Slack Channel

The slack channel requires a url configuration option. This value may be defined via the LOG_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL environment variable. This URL should match a URL for an incoming webhook that you have configured for your Slack team.

By default, Slack will only receive logs at the critical level and above; however, you can adjust this using the LOG_LEVEL environment variable or by modifying the level configuration option within your Slack log channel's configuration array.

记录弃用警告

PHP、Laravel 和其他库经常通知用户，它们的一些功能已被弃用，并将在将来的版本中移除。如果您希望记录这些弃用警告，可以使用 LOG_DEPRECATIONS_CHANNEL 环境变量或在应用程序的 config/logging.php 配置文件中指定您首选的 deprecations 日志通道：

'deprecations' => [
    'channel' => env('LOG_DEPRECATIONS_CHANNEL', 'null'),
    'trace' => env('LOG_DEPRECATIONS_TRACE', false),
],

'channels' => [
    // ...
]

或者，您可以定义一个名为 deprecations 的日志通道。如果存在具有此名称的日志通道，它将始终用于记录弃用警告：

'channels' => [
    'deprecations' => [
        'driver' => 'single',
        'path' => storage_path('logs/php-deprecation-warnings.log'),
    ],
],

构建日志堆栈

如前所述，stack 驱动程序允许您将多个通道组合成一个便利的单个日志通道。为了说明如何使用日志堆栈，让我们看一个您可能在生产应用程序中看到的示例配置：

'channels' => [
    'stack' => [
        'driver' => 'stack',
        'channels' => ['syslog', 'slack'], // [tl! add]
        'ignore_exceptions' => false,
    ],

    'syslog' => [
        'driver' => 'syslog',
        'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
        'facility' => env('LOG_SYSLOG_FACILITY', LOG_USER),
        'replace_placeholders' => true,
    ],

    'slack' => [
        'driver' => 'slack',
        'url' => env('LOG_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL'),
        'username' => env('LOG_SLACK_USERNAME', 'Laravel Log'),
        'emoji' => env('LOG_SLACK_EMOJI', ':boom:'),
        'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'critical'),
        'replace_placeholders' => true,
    ],
],

让我们分解这个配置。首先，注意到我们的 stack 通道通过其 channels 选项聚合了另外两个通道：syslog 和 slack。因此，在记录消息时，这两个通道都有机会记录消息。然而，正如我们将在下文中看到的，这些通道是否实际记录消息可能取决于消息的严重性 /“级别”。

dkp 翻译于 1个月前

0 重译

Log Levels

Take note of the level configuration option present on the syslog and slack channel configurations in the example above. This option determines the minimum "level" a message must be in order to be logged by the channel. Monolog, which powers Laravel's logging services, offers all of the log levels defined in the RFC 5424 specification. In descending order of severity, these log levels are: emergency, alert, critical, error, warning, notice, info, and debug.

So, imagine we log a message using the debug method:

Log::debug('An informational message.');

Given our configuration, the syslog channel will write the message to the system log; however, since the error message is not critical or above, it will not be sent to Slack. However, if we log an emergency message, it will be sent to both the system log and Slack since the emergency level is above our minimum level threshold for both channels:

Log::emergency('The system is down!');

Writing Log Messages

You may write information to the logs using the Log facade. As previously mentioned, the logger provides the eight logging levels defined in the RFC 5424 specification: emergency, alert, critical, error, warning, notice, info and debug:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;

Log::emergency($message);
Log::alert($message);
Log::critical($message);
Log::error($message);
Log::warning($message);
Log::notice($message);
Log::info($message);
Log::debug($message);

You may call any of these methods to log a message for the corresponding level. By default, the message will be written to the default log channel as configured by your logging configuration file:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
use Illuminate\View\View;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Show the profile for the given user.
     */
    public function show(string $id): View
    {
        Log::info('Showing the user profile for user: {id}', ['id' => $id]);

        return view('user.profile', [
            'user' => User::findOrFail($id)
        ]);
    }
}

Contextual Information

An array of contextual data may be passed to the log methods. This contextual data will be formatted and displayed with the log message:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;

Log::info('User {id} failed to login.', ['id' => $user->id]);

Occasionally, you may wish to specify some contextual information that should be included with all subsequent log entries in a particular channel. For example, you may wish to log a request ID that is associated with each incoming request to your application. To accomplish this, you may call the Log facade's withContext method:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class AssignRequestId
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response)  $next
     */
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        $requestId = (string) Str::uuid();

        Log::withContext([
            'request-id' => $requestId
        ]);

        $response = $next($request);

        $response->headers->set('Request-Id', $requestId);

        return $response;
    }
}

If you would like to share contextual information across all logging channels, you may invoke the Log::shareContext() method. This method will provide the contextual information to all created channels and any channels that are created subsequently:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class AssignRequestId
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response)  $next
     */
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        $requestId = (string) Str::uuid();

        Log::shareContext([
            'request-id' => $requestId
        ]);

        // ...
    }
}

[!NOTE]
If you need to share log context while processing queued jobs, you may utilize job middleware.

Writing to Specific Channels

Sometimes you may wish to log a message to a channel other than your application's default channel. You may use the channel method on the Log facade to retrieve and log to any channel defined in your configuration file:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;

Log::channel('slack')->info('Something happened!');

If you would like to create an on-demand logging stack consisting of multiple channels, you may use the stack method:

Log::stack(['single', 'slack'])->info('Something happened!');

On-Demand Channels

It is also possible to create an on-demand channel by providing the configuration at runtime without that configuration being present in your application's logging configuration file. To accomplish this, you may pass a configuration array to the Log facade's build method:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;

Log::build([
  'driver' => 'single',
  'path' => storage_path('logs/custom.log'),
])->info('Something happened!');

You may also wish to include an on-demand channel in an on-demand logging stack. This can be achieved by including your on-demand channel instance in the array passed to the stack method:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;

$channel = Log::build([
  'driver' => 'single',
  'path' => storage_path('logs/custom.log'),
]);

Log::stack(['slack', $channel])->info('Something happened!');

Monolog Channel Customization

Customizing Monolog for Channels

Sometimes you may need complete control over how Monolog is configured for an existing channel. For example, you may want to configure a custom Monolog FormatterInterface implementation for Laravel's built-in single channel.

To get started, define a tap array on the channel's configuration. The tap array should contain a list of classes that should have an opportunity to customize (or "tap" into) the Monolog instance after it is created. There is no conventional location where these classes should be placed, so you are free to create a directory within your application to contain these classes:

'single' => [
    'driver' => 'single',
    'tap' => [App\Logging\CustomizeFormatter::class],
    'path' => storage_path('logs/laravel.log'),
    'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
    'replace_placeholders' => true,
],

Once you have configured the tap option on your channel, you're ready to define the class that will customize your Monolog instance. This class only needs a single method: __invoke, which receives an Illuminate\Log\Logger instance. The Illuminate\Log\Logger instance proxies all method calls to the underlying Monolog instance:

<?php

namespace App\Logging;

use Illuminate\Log\Logger;
use Monolog\Formatter\LineFormatter;

class CustomizeFormatter
{
    /**
     * Customize the given logger instance.
     */
    public function __invoke(Logger $logger): void
    {
        foreach ($logger->getHandlers() as $handler) {
            $handler->setFormatter(new LineFormatter(
                '[%datetime%] %channel%.%level_name%: %message% %context% %extra%'
            ));
        }
    }
}

[!NOTE]
All of your "tap" classes are resolved by the service container, so any constructor dependencies they require will automatically be injected.

Creating Monolog Handler Channels

Monolog has a variety of available handlers and Laravel does not include a built-in channel for each one. In some cases, you may wish to create a custom channel that is merely an instance of a specific Monolog handler that does not have a corresponding Laravel log driver. These channels can be easily created using the monolog driver.

When using the monolog driver, the handler configuration option is used to specify which handler will be instantiated. Optionally, any constructor parameters the handler needs may be specified using the handler_with configuration option:

'logentries' => [
    'driver'  => 'monolog',
    'handler' => Monolog\Handler\SyslogUdpHandler::class,
    'handler_with' => [
        'host' => 'my.logentries.internal.datahubhost.company.com',
        'port' => '10000',
    ],
],

Monolog Formatters

When using the monolog driver, the Monolog LineFormatter will be used as the default formatter. However, you may customize the type of formatter passed to the handler using the formatter and formatter_with configuration options:

'browser' => [
    'driver' => 'monolog',
    'handler' => Monolog\Handler\BrowserConsoleHandler::class,
    'formatter' => Monolog\Formatter\HtmlFormatter::class,
    'formatter_with' => [
        'dateFormat' => 'Y-m-d',
    ],
],

If you are using a Monolog handler that is capable of providing its own formatter, you may set the value of the formatter configuration option to default:

'newrelic' => [
    'driver' => 'monolog',
    'handler' => Monolog\Handler\NewRelicHandler::class,
    'formatter' => 'default',
],

Monolog Processors

Monolog can also process messages before logging them. You can create your own processors or use the existing processors offered by Monolog.

If you would like to customize the processors for a monolog driver, add a processors configuration value to your channel's configuration:

'memory' => [
    'driver' => 'monolog',
    'handler' => Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler::class,
    'handler_with' => [
        'stream' => 'php://stderr',
    ],
    'processors' => [
        // Simple syntax...
        Monolog\Processor\MemoryUsageProcessor::class,

        // With options...
        [
            'processor' => Monolog\Processor\PsrLogMessageProcessor::class,
            'with' => ['removeUsedContextFields' => true],
        ],
    ],
],

Creating Custom Channels via Factories

If you would like to define an entirely custom channel in which you have full control over Monolog's instantiation and configuration, you may specify a custom driver type in your config/logging.php configuration file. Your configuration should include a via option that contains the name of the factory class which will be invoked to create the Monolog instance:

'channels' => [
    'example-custom-channel' => [
        'driver' => 'custom',
        'via' => App\Logging\CreateCustomLogger::class,
    ],
],

Once you have configured the custom driver channel, you're ready to define the class that will create your Monolog instance. This class only needs a single __invoke method which should return the Monolog logger instance. The method will receive the channels configuration array as its only argument:

<?php

namespace App\Logging;

use Monolog\Logger;

class CreateCustomLogger
{
    /**
     * Create a custom Monolog instance.
     */
    public function __invoke(array $config): Logger
    {
        return new Logger(/* ... */);
    }
}

Tailing Log Messages Using Pail

Often you may need to tail your application's logs in real time. For example, when debugging an issue or when monitoring your application's logs for specific types of errors.

Laravel Pail is a package that allows you to easily dive into your Laravel application's log files directly from the command line. Unlike the standard tail command, Pail is designed to work with any log driver, including Sentry or Flare. In addition, Pail provides a set of useful filters to help you quickly find what you're looking for.

Installation

[!WARNING]
Laravel Pail requires PHP 8.2+ and the PCNTL extension.

To get started, install Pail into your project using the Composer package manager:

composer require laravel/pail

Usage

To start tailing logs, run the pail command:

php artisan pail

To increase the verbosity of the output and avoid truncation (…), use the -v option:

php artisan pail -v

For maximum verbosity and to display exception stack traces, use the -vv option:

php artisan pail -vv

To stop tailing logs, press Ctrl+C at any time.

Filtering Logs

--filter

You may use the --filter option to filter logs by their type, file, message, and stack trace content:

php artisan pail --filter="QueryException"

--message

To filter logs by only their message, you may use the --message option:

php artisan pail --message="User created"

--level

The --level option may be used to filter logs by their log level:

php artisan pail --level=error

--user

To only display logs that were written while a given user was authenticated, you may provide the user's ID to the --user option:

php artisan pail --user=1